Abstract
This paper considers channel estimation and uplink achievable rate of the coarsely quantized massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with radio frequency (RF) impairments. We utilize additive quantization noise model (AQNM) and extended error vector magnitude (EEVM) model to analyze the impacts of low-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and RF impairments respectively. We show that hardware impairments cause a nonzero floor on the channel estimation error, which contraries to the conventional case with ideal hardware. The maximal-ratio combining (MRC) technique is then used at the receiver, and an approximate tractable expression for the uplink achievable rate is derived. The simulation results illustrate the appreciable compensations between ADCs' resolution and RF impairments. The proposed studies support the feasibility of equipping economical coarse ADCs and economical imperfect RF components in practical massive MIMO systems.
Highlights
M ASSIVE multi-input multi-output (MIMO), a promising technology for 5G mobile network, deploys a large number of radio frequency (RF) chains and analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) at the base station (BS) [1]
We show that increasing the number of receiver antennas could mitigate the performance degradation caused by both coarse ADCs and RF impairments
We can see that different levels of hardware impairments lead to the same sum rate, which illustrates a type of compensation between coarse ADCs and imperfect RF components for the performance degradation
Summary
M ASSIVE multi-input multi-output (MIMO), a promising technology for 5G mobile network, deploys a large number of radio frequency (RF) chains and analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) at the base station (BS) [1]. We investigate the uplink achievable rate and channel estimation of massive MIMO system with both lowresolution ADCs and RF impairments. Instead of modeling these impacts as simple additive Gaussian noise, we utilize AQNM and EEVM model to capture the impacts of coarse ADCs and RF impairments respectively. The appreciable compensations between ADCs resolution and RF impairments are illustrated, which indicates that the performance loss caused by severe RF impairments could be compensated by improving the resolution of ADCs, and vice versa These compensations is valuable and could be used to optimize the financial costs and energy dissipation of massive MIMO system
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