Abstract
Digital filtering is one of the most powerful tools of digital signal processing. Apart from the obvious advantages of virtually eliminating errors in the filter associated with passive component fluctuations over time and temperature, op-amp drift (active filters), and other effects, digital filters are capable of performance specifications. In addition, the characteristics of a digital filter can easily be changed under software control. Therefore, they are widely used in adaptive filtering applications in communications such as echo cancellation in modems, noise cancellation, and speech recognition. The actual procedure for designing digital filters has the same fundamental elements as that for analog filters. The key difference between analog and digital filters is that instead of calculating resistor, capacitor, and inductor values for an analog filter, coefficient values are calculated for a digital filter. So for the digital filter, numbers replace the physical resistor and capacitor components of the analog filter. These numbers reside in a memory as filter coefficients and are used with the sampled data values from the analog-to-digital conversion to perform the filter calculations.
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