Abstract
Gels are three-dimensional (3D) structures of infinite structural materials that occupy the entire given space. Gel formation is the process to form infinite structure by intermolecular interaction—such as covalent bonding—that is, chemical interaction, and hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic bonding, and ionic bonding, that is physical interactions. In the process of gel formation, intermolecular interaction spreads throughout the system. However, interaction spreading is not necessarily homogeneous. According to Flory, gels are classified into four types: (1) an ordered lamella structure that contains gel intermediate structure; (2) a completely random polymer network structure that is formed by covalent bonding; (3) locally ordered polymer networks that are formed by physical association; and (4) amorphous globular structure. To analyze an infinite structure gel in the finite framework, various levels of structures must be analyzed and, furthermore, these structures need to be reconstructed. Even in a model system where it is considered random, gels are not homogeneous and they differ in cross-link density, forming various structural domains. The structure of gels can be understood by understanding the distribution and bonding states of these domains.
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