Abstract
Secondary dopants and the doping methods were identified for increasing the electrical conductivity of a highly processable and a primarily doped polyaniline dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid (PANI-DNNSA). The secondary doping was carried out using film, solution, and vapor doping methods. The doping methods and functional groups of secondary dopants were observed to play a critical role for inducing electrical characteristics of polyaniline. When secondary film doping method and p-toluenesulfonic acid were used, the electrical conductivity of the secondary doped polyaniline was measured to be increased from 0.16 to 334 S/cm. A novel vapor annealing doping method was developed to incorporate secondary dopants into solution cast polyaniline films.
Highlights
Conductive polymers (CPs) that have a broad range of electrical conductivity and electrochemical activity have attracted considerable interest due to their broad applicability in opto-electronic devices including polymer solar cells (PSC), field effect transistors (FETs), lasers, light emitting diodes (LEDs), electrochromic devices (ECDs), non-volatile memories (NVMs), fuel cells, batteries, and supercapacitors (SCs)
PSC used to implement the CPs in hole transporting layer (HTL) and photoactive layer (PAL) successfully [1–6]
We report the identification of the novel secondary dopants for enhancing the electrical conductivity of a highly processable and a primarily doped polyaniline
Summary
Conductive polymers (CPs) that have a broad range of electrical conductivity and electrochemical activity have attracted considerable interest due to their broad applicability in opto-electronic devices including polymer solar cells (PSC), field effect transistors (FETs), lasers, light emitting diodes (LEDs), electrochromic devices (ECDs), non-volatile memories (NVMs), fuel cells, batteries, and supercapacitors (SCs). Among these applications, CPbased SCs in which the CP can be used as an electrode are promising in view of having high specific capacitance and fast electron transfer characteristics while being light weight and flexible. Polyaniline is the preferred CP for CP-SCs and has been shown to have excellent electrochemical capacity in electrochemical cells [16–20]
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