Abstract
Damage induces strain localization in quasi-brittle materials such as concrete. In order to correctly simulate this behaviour, it is necessary to introduce a length scale parameter in the continuum model. The second gradient model, a special case of kinematically enriched continua, uses an internal length parameter by taking into account the second order derivatives of the displacements in the virtual power principle. A penalty term is added in the original second gradient finite element formulation in order to improve convergence and to avoid erroneous damage distribution. A three points bending test of a reinforced concrete beam show the performance of the improved second gradient finite element formulation.
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