Abstract
Renewable energy resources are in high demand to decrease dependence on fossil fuels and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Biofuel industries, particularly bioethanol and biodiesel, have been rapidly increasing in tandem with agricultural production over more than a decade. First-generation biofuel manufacturing is heavily reliant on agriculture food sources like maize, sugarcane, sugar beets, soybeans, and canola. As a result, the intrinsic competitiveness among foods and fuels has been a point of contention in community for the past couple of years. Existing technological advancements in research and innovation have paved the way for the manufacturing of next-generation biofuels from a variety of feedstock’s, including agricultural waste materials, crops remnants and cellulosic biomass from high-yielding trees and bushes varieties. This report discusses the existing state of second-generation biofuel manufacturing as well as the feedstock utilized in fuel production, biofuel production globally and the current situation in India. This study also explores the current advancements in the findings and advancement of second-generation biofuel extraction from various feedstock’s. The forthcoming directions of agriculture and energy industrial sectors has also been addressed in order to feed the world 's growing population and to fuel the world's most energy-intensive industry, transportation.
Highlights
Solid, liquid, or gaseous biofuels are sources of energy obtained from organic materials
Secondary biofuels including the bioethanol and biodiesel are developed by exploiting biomass and could be utilized in automobiles and numerous industrialized procedures
While primary biofuels like wood residues are utilized in a raw state mainly for heat generation, preparing food, or power generation, secondary biofuels including bioethanol and biodiesel are manufactured by processed biomass and can be utilized in automobiles and different industrial operations
Summary
Liquid, or gaseous biofuels are sources of energy obtained from organic materials. Secondary biofuels including the bioethanol and biodiesel are developed by exploiting biomass and could be utilized in automobiles and numerous industrialized procedures. Traditional fossil fuels like oil, coal, and natural gas continue to be the primary sources of energy. The utilization of sustainable materials to generate liquid biofuels offers appealing approaches for lowering greenhouse gas emissions, reducing dependence on crude oil, solving energy security issues, reinforcing rural and agribusiness economies, and ensuring the global transportation system's long-term viability [3]. Bioethanol is a leading global renewable transportation biofuel that could replace fossil fuels. The most plenteous worldwide resource of sustainable biomass is lignocellulosic waste substances derived from energy crops, woody biomass and agriculture waste [5]. Leading countries based on biofuel production in 2019 (in petajoules), source: statista.com
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