Abstract
Centaurium erythraea Rafn produces and accumulates various biologically active specialized metabolites, including secoiridoid glucosides (SGs), which help plants to cope with unfavorable environmental conditions. Specialized metabolism is commonly modulated in a way to increase the level of protective metabolites, such as SGs. Here, we report the molecular background of the wounding-induced changes in SGs metabolism for the first time. The mechanical wounding of leaves leads to a coordinated up-regulation of SGs biosynthetic genes and corresponding JA-related transcription factors (TFs) after 24 h, which results in the increase of metabolic flux through the biosynthetic pathway and, finally, leads to the elevated accumulation of SGs 96 h upon injury. The most pronounced increase in relative expression was detected for secologanin synthase (CeSLS), highlighting this enzyme as an important point for the regulation of biosynthetic flux through the SG pathway. A similar expression pattern was observed for CeBIS1, imposing itself as the TF that is prominently involved in wound-induced regulation of SGs biosynthesis genes. The high degree of positive correlations between and among the biosynthetic genes and targeted TFs expressions indicate the transcriptional regulation of SGs biosynthesis in response to wounding with a significant role of CeBIS1, which is a known component of the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway.
Highlights
Centaurium erythraea Rafn, which is known as common centaury or European centaury, is a prominent pharmacological plant due to the presence of many different types of biologically active specialized metabolites
Roots are the site of the highest secoiridoid glucosides (SGs) accumulation [37,38], while, in others, including C. erythraea, these compounds are more abundant in the above-ground parts [4,39,40,41]
By analyzing C. erythraea leaf transcriptome database [59], we identified nucleotide sequences of several transcription factors candidates (CeMYC2, CeBIS1, CeJAZ1, CeCOI1, CeJAM2, and CeJAM3) for which we expected to be included in wounding-induced regulation of SGs biosynthesis
Summary
Centaurium erythraea Rafn, which is known as common centaury or European centaury, is a prominent pharmacological plant due to the presence of many different types of biologically active specialized metabolites. The main terpenoid compounds contained in C. erythraea aerial parts are secoiridoid glycosides (secoiridoids/SGs), derivatives of secologanin, among which sweroside (4), swertiamarin (5), and gentiopicrin (6) predominate [3,4,5,6]. The biosynthetic pathway of SGs starts with geraniol and continues through a series of reactions, including oxidation, reduction, glycosylation, cyclization, and methylation steps, and via a number of intermediates such are 8-hydroxygeraniol, 8-oxogeraniol, nepetalactol, iridotrial, 7-deoxyloganetic acid, 7-deoxyloganic acid, loganic acid (1), and loganin (2), results with. We have identified genes encoding for enzymes of the SGs biosynthetic pathway up to secologanin in C. erythraea leaves transcriptome, including geranyl diphosphate synthase (CeGPPS), geraniol synthase (CeGES), geraniol-8-oxidase (CeG8O), 8-hydrohygeraniol oxidoreductase (Ce8HGO), iridoid synthase (CeIS), iridoid oxidase (CeIO), 7-deoxyloganetic acid glucosyltransferase (Ce7DLGT), two candidates for 7-deoxyloganic acid hydrolase (Ce7DLH1 and Ce7DLH2), loganic acid
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