Abstract
Excessive use of chemical fertilizer could potentially decrease soil productivity by decreasing soil microbiome diversity. In this study, we evaluated the effects of fermented seaweed fertilizer in the soil microbial community of paddy plants (Oryza sativa L.). The paddy seedlings were divided into five groups, control (C0), chemical fertilizer (CF), seaweed fertilizer (SF), chemical and seaweed fertilizer combination 50:50 (CFSF1), and chemical and fertilizer combination 75:25 (CFSF2). The CFSF1 combination showed to be the most effective in inducing plant height (83.99 ± 3.70 cm) and number of tillers (24.20 ± 4.08). After 8 weeks after transplantation, the isolated DNA from each soil treatment were subjected to 16S rRNA (v3–v4 region) next-generation sequencing. The beneficial Acidobacteriota was most abundant in CFSF1. At genus level, the nitrifying bacteria MND1 was seen to be abundant in CFSF1 and also present in other SF treatments. The genus Chujaibacter is highly abundant in CF, which potentially plays a role in denitrification resulting in soil degradation. In addition, the CFSF1-treated soils show significantly higher diversity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA). The current results could potentially contribute to the utilization of SF as a bioremediator and promoting green agriculture practice by reducing the amount of CF usage.
Highlights
Our results show that seaweed fertilizer (SF) provides promising advantages for improving crop production based on green agricultural practice
The CFSF1 combination showed the best results in plant growth features and soil microbiome profile
CFSF1-treated soils show significant changes in microbial community and structure compared to chemical fertilizer (CF), especially in ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) populations
Summary
Paddy (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the staple crops in most Asian countries, especially. Due to the high demand of this food source, the agriculture sector struggles to meet the market demands for this crop. Various strategies are conducted to increase the production of paddy rice. The application of chemical fertilizer is the most common solution for local Indonesian farmers to increase grain production. The long-term excessive use of chemical fertilizers could lead to various negative effects in the environment [2]. Some reports have shown the possible negative effects of excessive chemical fertilizer usage toward human health [3]. There is a need to find alternatives to decrease the use of chemical fertilizers
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