Abstract
Ambient concentrations and seasonal variability of water bound to ambient fine particulate matter (PM 1 -bound water) were investigated at two urban sites, the cities Zabrze and Warsaw (southern and central Poland, respectively), in summer and winter. The types and numbers of PM 1 sources differ extremely between the two cities in one season and between the two seasons in one city, therefore the chemical compositions of PM 1 differ as well. Water and other main PM 1 components (ions of water soluble compounds, organic and elemental carbon) were determined in the PM 1 samples and their amounts comparatively analyzed. The large effect of solid fuel (hard coal) burning for residential heating on chemical composition and concentrations of PM 1 makes the concentrations of PM 1 -bound water and their seasonal changes greater in Zabrze than in Warsaw, where PM 1 in winter comes mainly from natural gas burning and from road traffic. • First study on water content of PM in Poland. • Relationships between PM 1 -bound water, EC, OC, Cl − , NO 3 − , PO 4 3− , SO 4 2− , F − , Na + , NH 4 + , K + , Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+ . • Solid fuel combustion causes high ambient concentrations of PM 1 -bound water.
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