Seasonal variation of stable isotopic compositions recorded in a laminated tufa, SW Japan

Abstract

High-resolution stable isotopic analyses of an annually laminated tufa from Shirokawa, SW Japan, show cyclic variations that correspond to mm-scale summer (dense) and winter (porous) laminae. Both δ 18O and δ 13C values are high in winter and low in summer, and correlate well with each other ( r=0.88). Because the δ 18O content of stream water has remained relatively stable over time, the δ 18O curve reflects seasonal changes in water temperature. Cyclic variation in δ 13C suggests that it is controlled by seasonal changes in the δ 13C of dissolved inorganic carbon in groundwater, which is probably caused by groundwater degassing. This degassing effect is normally strongest during winter when subsurface air is warmer (less dense) than the atmosphere. This decreases P CO 2 in cave air, and the associated degassing of 13C-depleted CO 2 from the groundwater increases the δ 13C value of dissolved inorganic carbon in winter. Calcite was deposited in isotopic equilibrium with stream water. Extreme climatic events, such as drought, can be recorded as anomalies in both the δ 18O and δ 13C curves. This study demonstrates that annually laminated tufa can be used for high-resolution analysis of terrestrial paleoclimate.