SEASONAL VARIATION OF HEAVY METALS CONCENTRATIONS IN FISH IN OGUTA LAKE, NIGERIA

C.I.A Nwoko,L.N Ukiwe,U U Egereonu

doi:10.24297/jac.v10i7.6807

Abstract

Concentrations of heavy metals iron (Fe), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As), were determined in the head of four fish species, namely, Trachinotus goreensis, Clarias anguillaris, Synodontis membranaceous, and Tilapia zilli, in Oguta Lake, Nigeria. Result obtained from analyses using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) revealed that Fe (13.309 mg/l) was the highest metal accumulated by the fish (S. membranaceous) in October, while Hg and As were not detected in all the fish species except in July where 0.003 and 0.005mg/l of As were detected in the fish species (T. zilli and C. anguillaris), and November where 0.001 mg/l of As was also detected in S. membranaceous. The distribution of HMs in the fish species revealed that, overall, Fe was the highest metal accumulated by the fish species, C. membranaceous, followed by T. goreensis. This high level of Fe accumulated by the fish species may be attributed to the fact that Fe occur at high levels in organic matter at the bottom of the Lake. So being typical bottom dwellers, the fish species were more exposed to the metal. Heavy metals were higher (not significantly) during the dry season than the rainy season. Statistically, however, seasonal variation didn’t significantly influence the accumulation of HMs by the fish species. The levels of heavy metals examined in the present study were below maximum permissible limits set by World Health Organization (WHO), indicating that the Oguta Lake is not polluted by heavy metals.

Highlights

Fish is a staple source of food for many families of the world because it has high protein content and low saturated fatty acids (1)
Among the estimated heavy metals (HMs) concentrations, Zn and Cd were the overall highest and lowest metals accumulated, respectively, for both species in muscle, liver and gills of the fishes. These results indicated that A. thalassinus has a high metal accumulation ability than J. belangeri in the Malaysian Peninsular
The present research has investigated the concentrations in HMs in fish species (T. goreensis, T. zilli, C. anguillaris, S. membranaceous) from Oguta Lake, Nigeria

Summary

Introduction

Fish is a staple source of food for many families of the world because it has high protein content and low saturated fatty acids (1). Since the ever growing human population keeps increasing, the need for fish and fish products has increased. It has been estimated that, worldwide, people obtain about 25% of their protein from fish and fish products (2). Fish is important to man in human diet, and it contains two types of omega fatty acids, namely; eicosapentenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexenoic acid (DNA). Omega fatty acids are very important for normal growth of humans where they reduce cholesterol levels and lower the risk associated with sicknesses such as heart diseases, stroke, and premature delivery (3),(4). Fish contain vitamins and minerals which play essential role in human health (5)

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Conclusion