Abstract
Entomological surveillance for the prevalence and seasonal variations of Aedes aegypti (Dengue and Chikungunya vector) mosquito larvae was conducted during July 2016 to June 2017 in district Hyderabad. In the role of being Aedes aegypti as potential vector of Dengue & Chikungunya, arboviral infections commonly prevalent in Lower Sindh. The outcome of study was designed on predictive modeling exercise so that rapid response in terms of larvicidal activity either biological method or mechanical or growth regulation could be implemented at positive localities besides identifying prospective geographical distribution in order to assess future interventions well in time prior to peak season. At onset of surveillance, larvae were collected from various types of indoor and outdoor water holding containers/breeding habitat. underground tanks, overhead tanks, plastic drums, earthen pots, discarded receptacles, plant nurseries, puncture tire shops and road side small hotels (Dhaba). A standard method was used for data collection and analysis (house index HI, container index CI and Breteau index BI). A total of 510 household surveyed with 1370 water holding containers in which 372 were positive with Aedes aegypti larvae at the rate of 27.1%; while 344 outdoor water containers examined, 46 were positive with Aedes aegypti larvae at the rate of 13.37%. Total of 1714 indoor and outdoor water holding containers examined, 418 were positive with Aedes aegypti larvae with overall positivity rate of 24.38 %. For entomological indices only indoor water containers data have been used. House Index (HI), Container Index (CI) and Breteau Index (BI) were estimated as 31%, 27.1 % and 73 % respectively. Drums were recorded with highest positivity rate of (40.17%), followed by underground water tanks (29.07%), overhead water tanks (22.8%), Earthen pot (22.6%), discarded containers (12.1%) and the least (10.7%) dripping water collection from air-condition and refrigerator. From outdoor breeding-sites, Plant nurseries were recorded highest 17.1% followed by Dhaba hotel (15.5%) and puncture tire shops (10.6%). The seasonal variations were noted as September and October were observed the peak seasons with positivity rate of 51.25% and 58.27% respectively and the reason is that the favorable climatic factors after monsoon; 131.8 mm rain fall in August 2016 and the favorable temperature and relative humidity as well for the breeding of Aedes aegypti. Positive water containers were distinguished with ratio as properly covered, partially covered and uncovered1.91%, 49.76% and 48.3%respectively. Keywords: Aedes aegypti larvae; Breeding-sites; Dengue/Chikungunya Vector; Hyderabad; Larval indices; Prevalence; Seasonal variation http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2020.90142
Highlights
Mosquitoes are very small flying insects of order Diptera, they cause public health problem by their blood sucking habit
In December 2016, first time in the history of Pakistan an outbreak of Chikungunya virus hit the various areas of Karachi city and after few months from April 2017 onward in Tharparkar district of Sindh [3]; the adjoining districts especially Hyderabad is at high risk of Chikungunya virus because of the presence of vector (Aedes aegypti) [4]
Indoor breeding-sites further classified into Underground water tanks, Overhead water tanks, Earthen pot (Dila, Matka, Nadi), Drums, Air-conditioner and refrigerator’s collected water and discarded containers/ Birds drinking water pots; while outdoor breeding-sites were water containers at Tire puncture shops, Dhaba Hotels and plant nurseries
Summary
Mosquitoes are very small flying insects of order Diptera, they cause public health problem by their blood sucking habit. Aedes aegypti mosquitoes have a high vectoral capacity (effectiveness of virus transmission in nature) for DENV (Dengue virus), CHIKV (Chikungunya virus), ZIKV (Zika virus), and YFV (Yellow fever virus). The objectives of present study was to do a thorough work on the prevalence of Aedes aegypti in relation to impact of climatic conditions its population and to explore various indoor and outdoor preferred breeding-sites/ hotspots of Aedes aegypti, their larval abundance, prevalence and seasonal variations for better management of vector mosquitoes in Hyderabad district especially in Hyderabad City which is second largest and thickly populated city of Sindh province at high risk of Dengue, Chikungunya, yellow-fever and ZIKA virus as well. Name of locality, type of breeding-site, name of genus/species and number of larvae etc
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