Abstract
Soil organic carbon (SOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) are important components of soil organic matter (SOM). SOC and MBC have generally recognized key parameters of soil quality and health, and also they have been linked to forest ecosystem productivity, using as a sensitive indicator for ecosystem monitoring programs. Both of them play a crucial role in the carbon cycle and influence many environmental, biological, and chemical factors. Soil organic matter decomposition by soil microorganisms contributes to the nutrient availability and release in an ecosystem. This interaction between SOM and MBC is managed in soil aggregation, soil porosity, moisture content, and aeration. Forest soils can store more carbon than other land uses because they contain a wide variety of soil microorganisms. Enhancing these two important components of soil can contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies. In this chapter, an overview of the understanding of the most important soil quality and health factors managed soil C in forest soils and provided how seasonal changes affect soil organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon.
Highlights
Soil is one of the most important components of ecosystems
Atmospheric C concentration is known to increase with anthropogenic carbon emissions (ACEs)
The researchers have focused on the soil organic matter (SOM) properties and soil organic carbon (SOC) which can have significant effects on its dynamics and the direction of ecosystem reactions related to climate change [11, 12]
Summary
Soil is one of the most important components of ecosystems. It provides plant growth by regulating the cycling of nutrients, energy, and water. Forest soil can friendly contribute to reducing the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and the greenhouse effect in global warming, while the soil is considered a big carbon pool [7, 8], linked to the carbon cycle [5] and with the nutrient pool that assigns vegetation productivity [9]. The researchers have focused on the SOM properties and soil organic carbon (SOC) which can have significant effects on its dynamics and the direction of ecosystem reactions related to climate change (e.g., decomposition time, increasing soil temperature and CO2 levels or changes in composition of vegetation, N deposition, etc.) [11, 12]. Studies on soil C dynamics and its effect on the global carbon cycle have been increased: (1) the importance of SOC for microbial biomass carbon (MBC) in dimension beyond a depth of 20 cm [17, 20, 25]; (2) the interaction. Between microbial communities and its activity with soil properties in relation to the carbon cycle and with other nutrient cycles [26, 27]; and (3) the effects of plant species in increasing soil microbial biomass and soil carbon storage [17]
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