Seasonal and ecological structure of the avifauna of the "Cape Martyan" Nature Reserve

Abstract

The paper presents the list of birds of the Cape Martyan Nature Reserve, compiled in accordance with the international concepts of the taxonomy and nomenclature of birds in North-Eastern Eurasia, with a species-specific characteristic of a phenological status and an ecological specificity. It was found that 179 species of the modern avifauna of the territorial-aquatic complex belong to 51 families and 19 orders. Six orders (Passeriformes, Charadriiformes, Anseriformes, Falconiformes, Ciconiiformes, Gruiformes) unite 149 species (or 83.3% of the reserve's avifauna). The main part of the fauna is a group of migratory birds (134 species, or 74.9%), which include transit migrants (78), nesting migrants (16) and species whose local populations are sedentary (4). 39 species nest, 88 winters, including 24 sedentary ones. On summer grounds 21 species were recorded, on migrations - 9 ones. In the ecological structure of the avifauna of the reserve dendrophils (40.2%) and limnophiles (38.5%) dominate, the share of sclerophils is 12.3%, campophiles - 7.8%. Analysis of the seasonal spectrum of the ecological structure showed that limnophiles (42.5%) and dendrophils (35.8%) predominate among migrants, 12.7 and 10.4% are among sclerophils and campophiles respectively. The structure of the wintering complex repeats the migration aspect, and in the nesting complex after dendrophils (64.1%), the second place is occupied by sclerophils (25.6%).