Abstract
The threat caused by plants fungal and fungal-like pathogens is a serious problem in the organic farming of soft fruits. The European Commission regulations prohibit some commercially available chemical plant protection products, and instead recommend the use of natural methods for improving the microbial soil status and thus increasing resistance to biotic stresses caused by phytopathogens. The solution to this problem may be biopreparations based on, e.g., bacteria, especially those isolated from native local environments. To select proper bacterial candidates for biopreparation, research was provided to preliminarily ensure that those isolates are able not only to inhibit the growth of pathogens, but also to be metabolically effective. In the presented research sixty-five isolates were acquired and identified. Potentially pathogenic isolates were excluded from further research, and beneficial bacterial isolates were tested against the following plant pathogens: Botrytis spp., Colletotrichum spp., Phytophthora spp., and Verticillium spp. The eight most effective antagonists belonging to Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Rhodococcus genera were subjected to metabolic and enzymatic analyses and a resistance to chemical stress survey, indicating to their potential as components of biopreparations for agroecology.
Highlights
Pathogenic microorganisms are a serious threat to crops, especially under the conditions in which the observed soil biodiversity is lowered
In the very first step, 65 different bacterial isolates belonging to 21 genera were isolated from wild raspberries and identified based on 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) fragment
Based on sequences obtained via the sequencing of the DNA fragment of 16S ribosomal DNA a phylogenetic tree was created including all identified isolates (Figure 2)
Summary
Pathogenic microorganisms are a serious threat to crops, especially under the conditions in which the observed soil biodiversity is lowered. Botrytis spp., Colletotrichum spp., Phytophthora spp., and Verticillium spp. are just examples of the most symptomatic microorganisms that can cause plant diseases in the organic production of soft fruits including raspberries [1]. The intensification of agricultural production, which has occurred in recent years, has led to farmers becoming dependent on chemical methods of plant protection as these methods are reliable and easy to use. In contrast to these advantages, chemical methods of plants protection may cause negative effects, i.e., the development of resistance by the targeted pathogen and a decrease in soil biodiversity [5]
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