Abstract
Identification and estimation of seahorse population in the marine environment are difficult to obtain. Nowadays, the observations use visual techniques, biologic and statistics. Bio-statistics approach has some limitations, such as times consuming and low accuracy. An approach was required to provide more accurate information, comprehensive, and based on telemetry (underwater acoustic). Acoustic reflection is an important information to observe underwater objects that can be used for stock assessment and behavioral studies. This research is a preliminary observation and measurement of seahorse Target Strength (TS). The results show that there are differences in TS value of seahorse at the active and passive moving condition. The fluctuations of TS values in active conditions are higher than those in passive conditions. This study has also found that the average TS value of seahorse in active moving conditions is -54.49 dB (± 3 dB). It is greater than the mean TS value in passive moving conditions -59.64 dB (± 3 dB). The approach of immobile fish (the passive moving condition) on the seahorse is better to increase the correlation value between TS to size. The relationship between TS and the size of the seahorse are discussed in the results of this study
Highlights
In 2002, seahorses have been regulated in the Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) appendix II
Morphometric measurements of seahorse are done after recording the acoustic data, including length, weight, sex type, given the same repeat on each observation object (N = 600)
Target Strength (TS) value from the seahorses is ranged in interval -52.31 to 60.91 dB (± 3dB)
Summary
In 2002, seahorses have been regulated in the Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) appendix II. Seahorses are listed on the Red List of Threatened Species (2014) due to the decreasing of their population in nature (Project Seahorse, 2009). The identification and estimation of the seahorse present in the coastal marine are difficult to obtain. To find and monitor the seahorse’s population in seawaters around the world still use conventional method (visual, biological and statistical techniques) (Foster and Vincent, 2004; Curtis 2007; Correia et al 2014; Yip et al, 2014). The bio-statistic approach has some limitations, such as time consuming and low accuracy. It needs an approach that can provide more accurate, comprehensive, and based on telemetry (Underwater Acoustic)
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