Sea surface temperature variability in the Makassar strait during ENSO (El niño Southern Oscillation) from the Terra-MODIS data sets

Abstract

ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) is an anomaly phenomenon of ocean-atmosphere system in the Pacific Ocean. This phenomenon also affects the condition of SST (Sea Surface Temperature) in Indonesian seas, especially Makassar Strait. The condition of SST is influenced by water mass from the Pacific Ocean that flows into Makassar Strait Indonesian Throughflow (ITF). The purpose of this study is to analyse the relationship between the SST and ENSO phenomenon in Makassar Strait. Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) used todeterminethe extreme ENSO events (El Niño and La Niña), and we compared the maximum and minimum value of SST between those events. The data used in this study is monthly average of SST level-3 from Tera-MODIS satellite and processed using software SeaDAS (version 7.3.2). During 17 years (2001 – 2017) there were 6 La Niña Phenomenon and 4 El Niño phenomenon. The result from this research indicates a relationship between SST and Enso Phenomenon, where the SST range in La Niña condition is higher that El Niño condition. The correlation value is 0.109. The monthly average of SST at La Niña Condition in the Makassar Strait has a values between 29.66 °C to 30.25 °C, while SST in El Niño condition is ranged from 29.91 °C to – 30.23 °C.