Abstract
A fixed-receiver mobile-transmitter passive bistatic synthetic aperture radar (MF-PB-SAR) system, which uses the Sentinel-1 SAR satellite as its non-cooperative emitting source, has been developed by using embedded software-defined radio (SDR) hardware for high-resolution imaging of the targets in a local area in this study. Firstly, Sentinel-1 and the designed system are introduced. Then, signal model, signal pre-processing methods, and effective target imaging methods are presented. At last, various experiment results of target imaging obtained at different locations are shown to validate the developed system and the proposed methods. It was found that targets in a range of several kilometers can be well imaged.
Highlights
Passive bistatic radar (PBR), which uses non-cooperative emitting sources for target illumination, has attracted increasing attentions in the last decades, owing to its unique remote sensing capabilities [1]: (1) no need for frequency allocation; (2) no pollution to the crowded radio frequency environment; (3) working well without using self-designed radar transmitter; and (4) obtaining the target scattering information from a particular bistatic angle
TerraSAR-X was used for MF-PB-synthetic aperture radar (SAR) as the non-cooperative emitting source in [12,13], and GNSS signal was applied for target imaging in [14,15]
Thanks to the transportable capability of the developed software-defined radio (SDR) MF-passive bistatic SAR (PB-SAR) system, various experiments were conducted at different locations
Summary
Passive bistatic radar (PBR), which uses non-cooperative emitting sources for target illumination, has attracted increasing attentions in the last decades, owing to its unique remote sensing capabilities [1]: (1) no need for frequency allocation; (2) no pollution to the crowded radio frequency environment; (3) working well without using self-designed radar transmitter; and (4) obtaining the target scattering information from a particular bistatic angle. The COBIS system is presented in [16,17], demonstrating the feasibility of Sentinel-1 signal for MF-PB-SAR imaging In these works, with specially designed receiver and accessories, timing, frequency, and position synchronization between satellite transmitter and ground receiver were conducted and the back projection (BP) imaging algorithm was employed to obtain the image of targets. Via the Terrain Observation with Progressive Scans SAR (TOPSAR) technique, Sentinel-1 can cover three different sub-swaths with a scanning beam; the pulse repetition intervals (PRIs) and amplitudes of the received signal pulses change in a long data-receiving period In such a case, to improve the cross-range resolution, a multiple-aperture focusing method based on the autoregressive (AR) model is proposed in [18], and a compressive sensing (CS)-based azimuth profile reconstruction method is proposed in [19].
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