Abstract
Tidore Island in North Maluku Province is one of the clove ( Syzygium aromaticum ) producing regions. Clove plant fertility is maintained even though it is not given organic and inorganic fertilizers, it also keeps the fertility of the soil and the environment as a whole. Therefore, this study aims to explore bacteria in the rhizosphere of the clove trees planted in Tidore island as biofertilizer agents of Indol-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) production, phosphate solubilization, and ammonium production. Bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of clove trees. Screening of the isolates was done according to qualitative and quantitative methods. Data collection of the qualitative method were based on medium color changes for each variable while that the quantitative method (i.e. the concentrations of produced IAA, solubilized phosphate, and produced ammonium) were obtained based on spectrophotometry. The results obtained 110 bacterial isolates. Nineteen bacteria were potential as biofertilizer agents, of which isolate R11, R8P, and A1N showed the highest in IAA production (8.71 μgL -1 ), phosphate solubilization (8.37 μgL -1 ), and ammonium production (11.71 μgL -1 ), respectively. The three isolates respectively have similarities to the genus of Enterobacter, Burkholderia , and Stenotrophomonas. Keywords: Biofertilizer, Clove, Rhizobacteria, Rhizosphere.
Highlights
Tidore Island in North Maluku Province is one of the clove (Syzygium aromaticum) producing regions
It has been reported that the bacteria from the clove rhizosphere were tested in-vitro capable of producing Indole-3-acetic acid [2] but have not revealed the potency of bacteria in the production of ammonium and phosphate solubilization
Bacteria found in the plant rhizosphere are called Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)
Summary
Tidore Island in North Maluku Province is one of the clove (Syzygium aromaticum) producing regions. This study aims to explore bacteria in the rhizosphere of the clove trees planted in Tidore island as candidate of biofertilizer agents have potency in Indol-3Acetic Acid (IAA) production, phosphate solubilization and ammonium production. It has been reported that the bacteria from the clove rhizosphere were tested in-vitro capable of producing Indole-3-acetic acid [2] but have not revealed the potency of bacteria in the production of ammonium and phosphate solubilization. Direct mechanisms involve bacteria as a biofertilizer to stimulate the growth of plants, and as an agent for preventing plant stress, while indirect mechanisms include reducing the intensity of plant diseases, producing antibiotics, inducing systemic resistance, and competing for nutrition and space [5]. The use of PGPR as a biofertilizer agent was developed as an effort to maintain environmental health and prevent environmental damage due to the extensive use of synthetic
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