Screening of retinopathy of prematurity and risk factor analysis

Abstract

Objective To investigate the present incidence and the risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP). Methods The clinical data of 182 premature infants who were born in our hospital from Sep 2013 to Sep 2014 with birth weight <2 000 g and gestational age<37 weeks were analyzed retrospectively, and were divided into ROP group and without ROP group.They were screened for ROP from 4 to 6 weeks of chronological age or 32 weeks of postmenstrual age. Results In 182 cases, there were 32 cases with ROP, the incident rate was 17.6%.Among them, 10 cases were monocular and 22 cases were binocular with ROP.In ROP groups, the mean gestational age was(29.3±1.5) weeks and the birth weight was(1 280±240)g.Eleven cases developed to stage 1 of ROP, 5 cases developed to stage 2 of ROP, 16 cases developed to stage 3 of ROP and 5 cases with plus lesions.Eighteen cases were treated by laser photocoagulation and 2 cases received intravitreal ranibizumab injections.Compared with the infants without ROP, the development of ROP was correlated with birth weight, gestational age, oxygen supplement, use of pulmonary surfactants, infection, apnea, and blood transfusions(P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis suggested that gestational age, oxygen inhalation, use of pulmonary surfactant, and mechanical ventilation were significant risk factors associated with the development of ROP(P<0.05). Conclusion The factors associated with ROP are gestational age, birth weight, oxygen inhalation, apnea and infection.The lower of the birth weight and gestational age, the incidence of ROP is higher. Key words: Retinopathy of prematurity; Related factors; Prematurity; Screening