Abstract
Improper wastewater treatment and sanitation processes can negatively affect the environment and public health. Due to the problems with global water shortages, it is essential to take non-conventional water resources into account to facilitate the production of pure fresh water. To provide enough fresh water in the coming decades, wastewater treatment and recycling techniques will be crucial. Due to the limited availability of fresh water and over 70% of it is used for irrigation. Therefore, there is great potential for using recycled water for agricultural irrigation, particularly in cases where minerals like phosphorus and nitrogen are crucial for plant growth. Wetlands are shown to be one of the most suitable treatment options for reusing urban wastewater for irrigation in terms of pollution removal, with high reliability and energy required. Macrophyte species, substrate, hydrology, Surface flow rates, effective food systems, abundance of microorganisms, and temperature all play a role in wetlands ecology and efficiency in waste-water treatment. Organic matter can be effectively removed by constructed wetlands. The result showed that Pistia stratiotes, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Eichhornia crassipes, Polygonum persicaria, Ludwigia adscendens, Marsilea quadrifolia, Nymphoides cristata, and Ipomoea aquatica have the efficiency to reduce BOD up to 86.36%, 77.45%, 88.23%, 76.33%, 77.06%, 77.06%, 81.98%, 83.18%, and 78.26% respectively and COD removed up to 79.3%, 67.5%, 77.98%, 71.29%, 71.6%, 70.86%, 75.4% and 68.2% respectively In present study evaluated that Eichhornia crassipes have higher efficiency for contamination removal as compared to other seven macrophytes.
Published Version
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