Abstract
Simple SummaryZoonotic transmission from pets to their owners is a major health problem, especially when dealing with human pathogens. It is important to determine the reservoir of colistin-resistant bacteria in pets to avoid the risk factors for human transmission. This study investigated the screening of colistin-resistant bacteria in pets in Marseille, France. Overall, cats and dogs have various reservoirs of colistin-resistant bacteria, including naturally colistin-resistant bacteria and mcr gene carriers (n = 14). Pets are the best human companions; therefore, vigilance would be required to avoid zoonotic transmission of colistin-resistant bacteria. Although colistin use is restricted in France, we report here for the first time that cats and dogs have various colistin-resistant bacteria including mcr-1 gene carriers.Background: Pets are the closest animals to humans with a considerable risk of zoonotic transmission. This study aimed to screen colistin-resistant bacteria from stools of dogs and cats from Marseille, France. Screening of mcr genes in pets has never been reported in France. Methods: Fecal samples (n = 157) were cultivated on the selective Lucie-Bardet Jean-Marc-Rolain medium (LBJMR). Bacteria were identified using Microflex LS MALDI-TOF. The antibiotic resistance phenotype was investigated for several antibiotics (β-lactams, aminoside, cephalosporine, tetracycline, and sulfonamide). PCR techniques were performed to detect mcr genes. Results: A total of 218 bacteria were identified. For cats, intrinsically colistin-resistant bacteria were significantly higher than mcr-1 gene carriers (n = 4). Dogs had more bacteria with the mcr-1 gene (n = 10). Furthermore, cats had a high prevalence of Gram-positive bacteria (GPB), whereas dogs had GNB equal to GPB. The diversity of identified bacteria was due to the constitution of the pets’ microorganisms. Even though colistin use is monitored in France, pets harbor various colistin-resistant bacteria. Additionally, in this geographical area, bacteria bearing mcr-1 gene from dogs and cats were detected for the first time. Conclusions: The current study opens a new perspective: the spread of colistin resistance is independent of colistin use. What are the most factors related to the emergence of colistin resistance? The surveillance of pets must be considered a priority to avoid the spread of mcr genes. It is important to know the contribution that pets make to the pool of multidrug-resistant mcr-1-containing bacteria.
Highlights
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Colistin has been used as a growth promoter in food-production animals, but it is used in pets for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections
Among 157 collected fecal samples from domestic animals, a total of 218 bacterial isolates were obtained from selective medium agar Lucie-Bardet Jean-Marc-Rolain medium (LBJMR) (Vancomycin and colistin)
Most studies have been performed on the general microorganism composition and most data have been derived from the analysis of feces from healthy laboratory animals [32,33]
Summary
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Colistin (polymyxin E) has been used as a growth promoter in food-production animals, but it is used in pets for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections. Since the discovery of the first plasmid harboring mcr-1 in China from pigs, the microbiota of animals appears as a source of colistin-resistant bacteria [4]. This study aimed to screen colistin-resistant bacteria from stools of dogs and cats from. Screening of mcr genes in pets has never been reported in France. Intrinsically colistin-resistant bacteria were significantly higher than mcr-1 gene carriers (n = 4). Dogs had more bacteria with the mcr-1 gene (n = 10). Even though colistin use is monitored in France, pets harbor various colistin-resistant bacteria. In this geographical area, bacteria bearing mcr-1 gene from dogs and cats were detected for the first time. The surveillance of pets must be considered a priority to avoid the spread of mcr genes. It is important to know the contribution that pets make to the pool of multidrug-resistant mcr-1-containing bacteria
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