Abstract
Objective: The search for various phytotherapeutic compounds is on rise due to a complex multifactorial phenomenon called drug resistance. The present study investigates the cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antiproliferative potential of methanolic extracts of Clitorea ternatea, Averrhoa bilimbi, Phyllanthus acidus, Tecoma stans, Curcuma aromatica, Anethum graveolens, Adhatoda vasica, Markhamia lutea, Spathodea companulata, and Adenanthera pavonina.Methods: The plant parts were extracted with methanol and screened for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging abilities. The cytotoxic activity of the extracts was investigated on HeLa and HCT116 cells through 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol2yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry to determine the antiproliferative activity of the extracts. The stem extract of A. pavonina was further subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis for purification of the compounds of interest. A two-way ANOVA was done to estimate the effect of the extract between samples remembered at p<0.05 level.Results: Among all the studied samples, the extract of A. pavonina (stem) showed significant scavenging activity of 70.23% and 76.32% of scavenging compared to 74.58 % and 81.13% of that of reference standard in ABTS and DPPH assay, respectively. GC-MS analysis of the extract revealed the presence of 17 phytocompounds. MTT assay revealed that this extract (SB19) had promising cytotoxic activity against the two cancer cell lines, HCT116 and HeLa with inhibitory concentration 50% IC50 values of 25.86±0.21 μg/ml and 39.89±0.11 μg/ml, respectively. The extract treatment caused significant arrest in G2M phase of cell cycle.Conclusion: A. pavonina (stem) extract displayed significant antioxidant and antiproliferative activity and can be considered as a potential candidate drug for anticancer studies.
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