Screening Forage Grasses with Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, X-ray Fluorescence and X-ray Microanalysis

S Sabreen,S Saiga,Mh Rahman

doi:10.3329/sja.v19i2.57685

Abstract

Breeding cool-season (C3) grasses with higher magnesium (Mg) content is a promising attempt for reducing grass tetany hazard in ruminants. Faster methods for plant mineral analyses could increase the number of individual plants screened for higher Mg content (High-Mg). This study evaluates the effectiveness of energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) as well as energy reflectance X-ray spectrometry (XRF) for screening high-Mg grass genotypes. The approach was verified by using two tall fescue cultivars having known differences in magnesium (Mg) content, viz. HiMag (high-Mg cultivar) and Ky-31 (control cultivar). We assumed that cultivars with known variation in Mg concentrations could provide a test for the applicability of the new methodology in finding naturally occurring high and low Mg containing grass genotypes. Plants samples included a population of 8 plants consisting of four harvests for three years and were analyzed for Mg, calcium (Ca), and potassium (K) by EDX and ERF, and data were verified with atomic absorption spectrometry wet (AAS). While observing the frequency distribution for different nutrient concentrations, HiMag tall fescue showed higher Mg and lower K concentrations than that of Ky-31. There was positive linear relationship between AAS and EDX estimated Mg, Ca and K (r = 0.88, 0.62 and 0.89, respectively), indicating close agreement between AAS and EDX estimation. Also, there was a positive linear relationship between AAS and XRF, as the r values were 0.87, 0.65 and 0.88 for Mg, Ca, and K, respectively. The tetany ration was established for EDX and XRF and the results were dependable with wet chemistry. SAARC J. Agric., 19(2): 245-256 (2021)

Highlights

Throughout the world, grass tetany causes economic losses from death or reduced performance of livestock
Magnet Italian ryegrass, Mgwell orchardgrass, and HiMag tall fescue were bred as the high-Mg cultivars of Italian ryegrass, orchardgrass and tall fescue, respectively (Hides and Thomas, 1981; Saiga et al, 2002; Mayland and Sleper, 1993)
We assumed that cultivars with known variation in Mg concentrations could provide a test for the applicability of the new methodology in finding naturally occurring high and low Mg containing grass genotypes

Summary

Introduction

Throughout the world, grass tetany causes economic losses from death or reduced performance of livestock. Attempts to reduce or eliminate the incidence of grass tetany have been focused on selective breeding of forages for higher levels of Mg and lower tetany potential (Asay et al, 2001). There is a continued need to breed high-Mg cultivars since the malady of grass tetany causes considerable economic loss in agriculture. Forage breeding programs for improving mineral concentrations are labor and time intensive. More efficient methods for plant analyses for minerals e.g., potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) associated with grass tetany are necessary. If faster methods of mineral analyses could be introduced, family selections by forage breeders could be speeded up and the number of individuals screened could be increased (Sleper, 1979)

Methods

Results

Conclusion