Screening for ESBL producing bacterial isolates of agricultural soil and profiling for multidrug resistance

Abstract

Abstract Objectives construction of agricultural environmental soil antibiotic resistance profile of the culturable bacteria in Kalyani, India, followed by the screening of ESBL producers harboring blatem, blashv, and blactx-M. Methods 158 Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) bacteria were isolated from 18 agricultural sampling points in Kalyani, West Bengal, India followed by their Antibiotic resistance profiling against 15 test antibiotics. They were then screened for the presence of three Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) genes, namely blatem, blactx-M and blashv by Double Disk Diffusion test and Polymerase Chain Reaction. The positive candidates were further identified using Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis followed by 16S rDNA sequencing. Results lowest resistance was observed against Vancomycin (0%) whereas the highest against the β lactam Ampicillin (97.5%). Very high resistance was observed against the 3rd generation cephalosporin Cefotaxime (90%). 16/158 bacterial isolates were positive for one or more of the three ESBL genes under investigation. 11 out of those 16 isolates (68.75%) harbored at least 2 genes and the rest 31.25% either had the blashv or the blatem gene. Phylogenetic analysis of the prevalent ESBL carrying organisms in the region demonstrated that the genes are being horizontally transferred across different bacterial orders and classes. Conclusion Significant antimicrobial resistance noted against 12 out of 15 antibiotics tested. Stenotrophomonas, Myroides, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, and Serratia are found as culturable MDR bacteria carrying ESBL genes among the isolates. It is the first report of environmental ESBL carriage by Myroides isolated from India.