Screening Colonoscopy to Reduce the Incidence and Mortality of Colorectal Cancer.

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major concern because of its increasing incidence and mortality worldwide. Therefore, effective screening strategies are necessary to reduce its incidence. In addition to fecal immunochemical tests and computed tomography colonography, screening colonoscopy is expected to significantly contribute to the reduction of CRC. However, the timing of colonoscopy for CRC screening is not well-defined because of the lack of sufficient data. Additionally, the effectiveness of colonoscopy is affected by various factors known as quality indicators (QIs), such as the performance of the endoscopist; therefore, there are concerns regarding quality assurance. The adenoma detection rate (ADR) is a well-known QI of colonoscopy. Substantial evidence has suggested that improving the ADR could reduce the incidence and mortality of postcolonoscopy CRC. Recent technological advancements have led to the development of image-enhanced endoscopy and the incorporation of artificial intelligence, and their ability to improve the ADR has been assessed. This review focused on screening colonoscopies and QIs and their ability to improve the ADR and incidence and mortality of CRC.