Abstract
BackgroundApple, an invaluable fruit crop worldwide, is often prone to infection by pathogenic fungi. Identification of potentially resistance-conferring apple proteins is one of the most important aims for studying apple resistance mechanisms and promoting the development of disease-resistant apple strains. In order to find proteins which promote resistance to Marssonina coronaria, a deadly pathogen which has been related to premature apple maturation, proteomes from apple leaves inoculated with M. coronaria were characterized at 3 and 6 days post-inoculation by two dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE).ResultsOverall, 59 differentially accumulated protein spots between inoculation and non-inoculation were successfully identified and aligned as 35 different proteins or protein families which involved in photosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, transport, energy metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, binding, antioxidant, defense and stress. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was also used to examine the change of some defense and stress related genes abundance under inoculated conditions.ConclusionsIn a conclusion, different proteins in response to Marssonina coronaria were identified by proteomic analysis. Among of these proteins, there are some PR proteins, for example class III endo-chitinase, beta-1,3-glucanase and thaumatine-like protein, and some antioxidant related proteins including aldo/keto reductase AKR, ascorbate peroxidase and phi class glutathione S-transferase protein that were associated with disease resistance. The transcription levels of class III endo-chitinase (L13) and beta-1, 3-glucanase (L17) have a good relation with the abundance of the encoded protein’s accumulation, however, the mRNA abundance of thaumatine-like protein (L22) and ascorbate peroxidase (L28) are not correlated with their protein abundance of encoded protein. To elucidate the resistant mechanism, the data in the present study will promote us to investigate further the expression regulation of these target proteins.
Highlights
Apple, an invaluable fruit crop worldwide, is often prone to infection by pathogenic fungi
Identification of Marssonina coronaria-responsive proteins by 2-DE and MS In order to verify the change of different resistancerelated proteins abundance between inoculated and non inoculated conditions, proteomic profiles of apple leaves were obtained via 2-D gel electrophoresis
We identified 59 protein spots involved in photosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, transport, energy metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, binding, antioxidant, defense and stress
Summary
An invaluable fruit crop worldwide, is often prone to infection by pathogenic fungi. Infection usually occurs during periods of years and have become a serious problem at several apple production areas in China [5] To solve this problem, a better understanding of the complex plant defense mechanisms against Marssonina coronaria infection is extremely important. Q. Zhou et al described the characterization of defense-related genes in the ‘Qinguan’ apple in response to Marssonina coronaria by cDNA suppression subtractive hybridization analysis [9]. Zhou et al described the characterization of defense-related genes in the ‘Qinguan’ apple in response to Marssonina coronaria by cDNA suppression subtractive hybridization analysis [9] These studies were limited to epidemiology and gene level, not touch upon the level of protein
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