Scope and challenges of one health approach in Nepal

Abstract

Background: The burden of infectious diseases is high in developing countries. Many infectious diseases are still a public health problem in Nepal. Different types of emerging and re-emerging infection are in endemic situation in Nepal. However, as a result of various interventions and public health program, the overall trend of infectious diseases is now in a declining trend. Nepal faces burden of zoonotic diseases of epidemic; endemic and pandemic potentials are major public health concern. 60 different zoonotic diseases have been identified in Nepal as emerging and re-emerging diseases. There is strong connection and effect of climate change, global warming. Nowadays, the interrelation of human, environment and animals is also concern about antimicrobial resistance. One Health approach is an important approach for effective prevent and control of zoonotic diseases in Nepal. Methods and materials: To prepare this paper, journal, articles & national reports were retrieved and analyzed to prepare a manuscript. Informal discussion as made with government officials who are working at Epidemiology and Disease Control Centre, Kathmandu. This paper was prepared by using various secondary data sources available on internet webpages, journals, government reports and articles. Results: Nepal has been experiencing various flu like seasonal infections every year. The six zoonoses Taeniosis, Leptospirosis, Hydatidosis, Brucellosis; Toxoplasmosis and Avian Influenza have been identified as Priorities Zoonotic Diseases in Nepal. Influenza is the more common outbreak observed in Nepal. It was estimated that almost half of Nepal's population is at high risk and a quarter at moderate risk of rabies. The cooperation and joint policy level decision was not yet done to formulate one health policy and conduct joint activities. One health approach is not yet institutionalized from government sector to deal with underlying condition. Conclusion: Lack of strong coordination between two agencies l.e human health and animal health agencies is one of the major problems in Nepal. Since, Nepal is facing frequent outbreak of seasonal infections borne from animals, at least joint effort from the veterinary and human medical & public health professional is required to prevent the possible threats from zoonotic diseases in Nepal.