Scleromyxedema and lichen myxedematosus: Is it associated with viral hepatitis?

Abstract

Scleromyxedema (SM) was previously known to be associated with monoclonal gammopathy. The association of SM and its counterpart lichen myxedematosus (LM) with chronic hepatitis has rarely been reported. We retrospectively reviewed medical records and histopathological reports of consecutive patients who presented at our department with the diagnosis of SM or LM from January 2001 to September 2017. The patients' demographic details, cutaneous presentation, associated underlying diseases and hepatitic profile were studied and compared with previous published cases. In all, 28 patients were enrolled, including one SM, 19 LM and eight atypical LM. Of the patients, 50% (n=14/28) had hepatitis. Of these, 21.4% (n=6/28) had hepatitis C, 10.7% (n=3/28) hepatitis B, 7.1% (n=2/28) concurrent hepatitis B and C, whereas 10.7% (n=3/28) had alcoholic liver disease. The prevalence of hepatitis C in our patients was 6.5-times higher than that of the general population (28.6% vs 4.4%) and the prevalence of hepatitis B was similar (17.9% vs 17.3%). Polyclonal gammopathy was found in 28.6% (n=8/28) of the patients and monoclonal gammopathy was found in 7.1% (n=2/28). The extent of clonality did not correlate with disease severity. Our study did not notice a significant association with monoclonal gammopathy but the prevalence of hepatitis C was found to increase 6.5-times in these patients compared with the general population. We recommend dermatologists to be aware of hepatitis investigations in such patients and future studies are warranted to understand the mechanism behind such association.