Abstract
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a leading-edge experiment for long-baseline neutrino oscillation studies, neutrino astrophysics and nucleon decay searches. ProtoDUNE-Dual Phase (DP) is a 6 × 6 × 6 m3 liquid argon time-projection-chamber (LArTPC) operated at the CERN Neutrino Platform in 2019–2020 as a prototype of the DUNE far detector. In ProtoDUNE-DP, the scintillation and electroluminescence light produced by cosmic muons in the LArTPC is collected by photomultiplier tubes placed up to 7 m away from the ionizing track. In this paper, we present the performance of the ProtoDUNE-DP photon detection system, comparing different wavelength-shifting techniques and the use of xenon-doped LAr as a promising option for future large LArTPCs. The scintillation light production and propagation processes are analyzed and compared to simulations, improving understanding of the liquid argon properties.
Highlights
In ProtoDUNE-Dual Phase (DP), the scintillation and electroluminescence light produced by cosmic muons in the liquid argon time-projection-chamber (LArTPC) is collected by photomultiplier tubes placed up to 7 m away from the ionizing track
We present the performance of the ProtoDUNE-DP photon detection system, comparing different wavelength-shifting techniques and the use of xenon-doped LAr as a promising option for future large LArTPCs
The LAr Time Projection Chambers (TPC) technology at large scale is being demonstrated in the ProtoDUNE Program at the CERN Neutrino Platform for the future Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) long-baseline experiment
Summary
ProtoDUNE-DP collected cosmic-ray data from June 2019 until November 2020, operating with pure LAr and Xe-doped LAr (table 1). ProtoDUNE-DP uses PMTs either covered with PEN foils or directly coated with TPB to shift the LAr scintillation photon wavelength towards the visible range. The error is the standard deviation among PMT-pairs, which agrees with the expected error due to the QE variation between PMTs. On average, ProtoDUNE-DP TPB-coated PMTs detect four times more photons than PEN-foil PMTs. a simple model is proposed to compute the relative WLS efficiency of both materials taking into account the geometrical differences between both systems. To get the scintillation decay times from the PMT waveforms, signals from cosmic muons are selected by triggering on a TPB-coated PMT with a minimum amplitude of 25 PEs. A τslow value of 1.46 ± 0.02 μs is measured, with the error corresponding to the standard deviation among the PMT waveforms. No significant difference is observed in τslow between PEN and TPB PMTs
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