SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIZATION OF CITY ECOLOGICAL TOURISM

The "time-space compression" effect of high-speed rail (HSR) has effectively improved the accessibility of the cities and has had a profound impact on tourism. This study explores the impact of HSR on tourism development in cities along HSR lines from the perspective of transfer of transport advantages, then evaluates the impact of HSR on tourism development using panel data of 286 cities in China from 2005 to 2013 by the difference-in-differences (DID) method. The empirical results show that the opening of HSR has significantly increased the tourism revenue and tourist arrivals. These results are still holds after considering endogenous HSR lines placement, and by various robustness checks. Further analysis of nodal effect shows that node cities experienced greater growth in tourism revenue than non-node cities. The analysis of mechanism found that tourism development in node cities relied on hotel industry, while tourism development in non-node cities relied on scenic spots industry. The findings of this study validate the role of HSR as a catalyst for urban tourism development, and reveal the comparative advantages of tourism in different cities under the influence of HSR. This study has important reference value for the development of tourism industry policies in cities along and around HSR lines.

The increasing importance of ambient air quality in tourism has brought urban tourism development’s effective promotion at the policy level into sharp focus. This paper leverages panel data from 276 Chinese cities at or above the prefectural level, spanning from 2007 to 2022 By considering the Ambient Air Quality Standards as a quasi-natural experiment, the study applies a difference-in-difference method to empirically assess the impact of this policy on tourism development, and its transmission mechanisms. The findings underscore that environmental regulation policies significantly contribute to advancing tourism development in cities. Moreover, the policy’s effects are found to vary according to geographic location, development scale, and economic region of the cities. Environmental regulation policies affect urban tourism through technological, scale, and structural mechanisms. These empirical insights lend substantial support to the broader implementation of environmental regulation policies across the nation. They also provide crucial guidance for the formulation of tourism development strategies that emphasize environmental regulation, both within China and globally.

This study investigated physical infrastructural aspects as determinants of tourism development in Mahikeng, the provincial capital city of the North West Province. Using existing literature, physical infrastructural aspects necessary for tourism development in a city were identified. Through the creation and testing of hypotheses, insight into each identified physical infrastructural aspect in relation to tourism development in Mahikeng is presented. A total population sampling technique was used, and 62 of the 70 tourism businesses in Mahikeng responded to an online survey. The data was analysed, using SPSS, and descriptive results and a structural equation model (SEM) were developed. From the SEM model, the results indicated that fibre internet infrastructure is the biggest determinant of tourism development in Mahikeng. This was followed by basic service infrastructure, transport infrastructure and supporting infrastructure. As this study is the first to be done in Mahikeng, the results highly contribute to provincial and municipal governments attempt to initiate new development projects aiding in tourism development in this city.

ABSTRACTSince around 2000, tourism has gradually become a key activity reinforcing the Japanese economy. In particular, there has been growth in urban tourism and many urban spaces have been transformed to meet visitors’ needs, a process that has occurred not only in the large metropolises but also in small- and medium-sized regional cities. This paper explores how urban tourism spaces in Japan have been created alongside more general urban development, examining significant aspects and implications of the urban tourism development process. It reveals that the growth of urban tourism has accelerated the growth of local residents’ awareness and activities. Local residents have become more conscious about their living areas and have undertaken spontaneous activities to manage the areas whereas previously there had been a constant struggle and negotiation with the contradiction between urban developments and economic depression. It concludes that citizen participation in the urban tourism development process can be extended into a collaborative area management.

Since around 2000, tourism has gradually become a key activity reinforcing the Japanese economy. In particular, there has been growth in urban tourism and many urban spaces have been transformed to meet visitors' needs, a process that has occurred not only in the large metropolises but also in small and medium-sized regional cities. This chapter explores how urban tourism spaces in Japan have been created alongside more general urban development, examining significant aspects and implications of the urban tourism development process. It reveals that the growth of urban tourism has accelerated the growth of local residents' awareness and activities. Local residents have become more conscious about their living areas and have undertaken spontaneous activities to manage the areas whereas previously there had been a constant struggle and negotiation with the contradiction between urban developments and economic depression. It concludes that citizen participation in the urban tourism development process can be extended into a collaborative area management.

This study focuses on the integration of sustainable development principles into urban tourism management. The aim of the research is to identify and analyze the socio-economic, geographical, and environmental factors influencing urban tourism development and to propose strategic planning approaches that enhance sustainability in rapidly growing megacities. The study employs a mixed methodology combining qualitative and quantitative methods. A comprehensive review of existing literature on urban tourism and sustainable development was conducted, alongside an expert survey among key stakeholders in Kazakhstan’s tourism industry. The survey results were analyzed using statistical methods, including Kendall’s coefficient of concordance, which allowed for assessing the consistency of expert opinions. The findings indicate that optimizing sustainable urban tourism in Kazakhstan's major cities requires tailoring tourism development strategies to the unique characteristics of each city. The analysis emphasized the importance of strategic planning to facilitate targeted infrastructure development and balance tourism growth with ecological sustainability. By aligning the tourism development process with the principles of sustainable urban planning, cities like Astana and Almaty can enhance their attractiveness as tourist destinations while achieving ecological sustainability and economic resilience. This research contributes new insights into the integration of sustainable development principles into urban tourism management in the context of developing countries. The analysis, focusing on the unique socio-economic and environmental factors of Astana and Almaty, provides valuable strategies for policymakers and urban planners aiming to promote sustainable tourism in similar urban contexts.

Introduction. China is located in Central and East Asia. The vast territory of the state, covering the highest mountainous regions, vast deserts and coastal plains, determines the variety of natural conditions for tourism, as well as the border neighborhood with a large number of countries. China's seaside location is extremely advantageous in terms of tourism. At present, through the seas, China provides access to the countries of the Asia-Pacific region and the whole world. The sea and coastal areas are used to organize coastal tourism. Increasingly, China's maritime waters and ports are used for cruise tourism. China has an advantageous geographical position in relation to the segments of the world tourism market. It is surrounded by countries characterized by the active development of outbound tourism, which have a negative tourist balance - Japan, Taiwan, Republic of Korea. The article analyzes the differences in the development of inbound tourism in the cities of China, provides a theoretical basis for the development of inbound tourism in cities. The comparative method is used to analyze the current state of differences in the development of inbound tourism in the key tourist cities of China and a comparative study of the influence and role of regional and economic factors on the development of inbound tourism in cities of China. Methods. In the process of working on the article, first of all, such methods of scientific research as analysis and synthesis were used, which made it possible to determine the optimal balance of forces and means necessary for the development of international tourism in China. Through these methods, connections were established between individual events and facts. In addition, other general scientific methods were used: comparative analytical methods, methods of grouping and classification, general scientific methods of a systematic approach to the study of economic phenomena. Results and discussions. Provided statistics show that the current development of inbound tourism in China is very different, and the regional concentration is very noticeable. The cities with the best development of inbound tourism are mainly located in the eastern region, external economic factors have the greatest impact on the development of inbound tourism in cities, followed by tourism products and the influence of the location distance is less. Conclusion. Tourism development is not only a matter of the tourism sector. The development of inbound tourism is inextricably linked with external economic and trade factors, therefore, in the practice of developing inbound tourism in cities, it is necessary not only to focus on the development of tourism products, but also to develop foreign economic and trade activities and business tourism. An important factor is also the fact that actively developing tourism contributes to an increase in the number of jobs

Introduction. City tourism is one of the most frequently chosen forms of tourism consisting of many motives for doing it. On the modern tourist market, there are many negative phenomena that significantly affect the functioning of urban tourist destinations but primarily have an impact on the decisions of potential tourists about choosing cities as a tourist destination. These phenomena pose a threat to the development of both cities and tourism. They are conditioned by endogenous factors, which result from the functioning of the city, and exogenous ones, i.e. those related to socio-economic relations of the city with the environment, including tourist traffic. Cities, as a destination or transit tourist destination, are characterized by high concentration of tourist traffic; hence, the negative phenomena often affect urban tourist space with great intensity. The aim of the study is to present the author’s concept of sustainable urban tourism policy assumptions. After presenting the concept of sustainable urban tourism development policy, the following issues will be discussed: basics of tourism policy, urban tourism, sustainable tourism, classification of threats related to the sustainable development of urban tourism. Material and methods. The study is of theoretical and conceptual nature. The following research methods will be used: critical analysis of the literature and methods of logical operations. Results. The effect of the considerations is to propose the assumptions of the concept of sustainable urban tourism development policy. Conclusions. The most important problems related to the functioning of sustainable tourism were indicated, taking into account the impact of tourism on the natural environment and on overtourism.

The urban tourism industry belongs to the tourism industry and also belongs to the cultural industry. The urban tourism development and design must take into account the city's cultural resources and tourism resources. Under the background of rapid development of urban tourism economy and further convergence of tourism content, this paper analyzes urban cultural ecology and believes that cultural ecology and its system affect the way and process of urban tourism development. Improving the cultural resources, cultural influences, and cultural creation of the city will help promote the integration of culture and tourism development. This paper further analyzes the types of integration development of urban culture and tourism, and proposes a fusion development model design based on Memory Recovery and Brand-led under the different cultural and tourism development levels among different cities.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to clarify the administrative problematisations of conflict-prone urban tourism (e.g. noise) as political processes predetermining the future of city tourism. It is shaped by today’s administrative ways of knowing increasing visitor pressure as an issue for urban (tourism) development. Design/methodology/approach The problematisation of conflictive urban tourism in Berlin is used as case study and lens to analyse how administrative bodies see conflictive tourism like a tourist city. Drawing on Mariana Valverde’s idea of Seeing Like a City (2011), the paper demonstrates how disparate governmental bodies see and reduce the complexity of conflicts resulting from tourism in order to handle it. The authors use policy documents as the basis for the analysis. Findings The paper provides empirical insights about how political knowledge on urban tourism conflicts is produced in Berlin. The marginalisation of these conflicts on the federal state level seemingly aces out the calls for action on the borough level (Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg). According to these disparate modes of problematisation, older and younger governmental gazes on conflictive tourism and its future relevance interrelate in contingent combination. Originality/value This paper fills a gap in the existing urban tourism literature, by focussing on the definition of policy problems by governmental bodies as powerfully linked to the availability of solutions.

This chapter proposes a model of integrated access in the promotion of an integrated agenda for urban planning and urban tourism development. The underlying assertion of the conceptual framework presented is that sustainable urban tourism development is reliant on inclusive development that works to balance the needs of both visitors and locals in the production of urban tourisms. The core challenge in achieving an integrated approach lies in the identified disconnect between existing tourism development and urban planning practices. In addressing this challenge, a reconceptualisation of inclusive tourism development is offered, which focuses on the promotion of integrated access across economic, spatial and institutional spheres.

Aim. This study seeks to identify both the opportunities and challenges for tourism development in the Mediterranean city of Mersin based on opinion of local residents.1Methodology. The study is based on data of two sociological surveys, various literature sources, and the author’s own observations. The opinion of local residents is evaluated through two sociological surveys conducted among Turkish citizens and the Russian-speaking residents of the city of Mersin from December 18, 2022, to February 5, 2023, and from April 4, 2023, to July 16, 2023. The empirical data consists of 245 anonymous questionnaires: 143 were completed by Turkish citizens in Turkish, and 102 by Russian-speaking people in Russian.Results. The findings indicate a generally positive view among locals regarding the prospects for tourism development in Mersin. Key potential benefits identified from tourism development include the creation of new jobs for locals (53.5% of respondents), enhancement of the city of Mersin's image (46.5%), and improvement of services available to both tourists and residents (46.5%). Despite this shared optimism, notable differences in opinions were observed between the Turkish citizens and the Russian-speaking community. The study revealed five main obstacles for tourism development in the city: infrastructural (underdeveloped tourism infrastructure), environmental (sea and beach pollution (especially with plastic); litter on the streets), economic (inflation; underinvestment of tourism; lack of a tourism development strategy), socio-cultural (language barrier, both Russian and English) aspects as well as legal challenges (changes in legislation, e.g., in requirements for getting a temporary residence permit for foreign citizens).Research implications. The outcomes of this study offer valuable insights into the preferences of the Russian-speaking tourists and the factors impeding tourism growth in Mersin. These findings may assist in boosting both the inbound tourist flow and the local tourism market. Additionally, the results may be applicable to other tourist destinations aiming to enhance or maintain tourist traffic from Russian-speaking countries.

This article is a research output presenting a new step for urban tourism development in Thailand. It focused on how a urban tourism development action plan was made in accordance with the sustainable tourism development policy in Thailand, and the overall effect of urban tourism development plan-making practice on the environment, quality society, local economics, and urban history and culture. This article proposed a holistic conceptual framework of urban tourism development plan-making practices regarding sustainability. It began with a literature review of urban tourism development and stakeholders in urban tourism development planning. The author emphasized the presentation of the outcome from quantitative and qualitative investigations of urban tourism in Chiang Mai and Phuket, two cities, in a case study of Thailand. The result highlighted the capacity of the area and the urgent need, in a five year period, to develop urban tourism towards sustainability by focusing on the fundamental problems of urban development and urban tourism development, as well as the integration of sustainable policies and the stakeholders’ participation in urban tourism development planning. For this reason, a possible sustainable urban tourism development plan-driving framework has been proposed to encourage the existing participation of stakeholders for future research development.

City tourism is one of the most frequently chosen forms of tourism and consists of many motives. On the modern tourist market, there are many negative phenomena that significantly affect the functioning of urban tourist destinations but primarily have an impact on the decisions of potential tourists about choosing cities as a tourist destination. These phenomena pose a threat to the development of both cities and tourism. They are conditioned by endogenous factors, which result from the functioning of the city, and exogenous ones, i.e., those related to socio-economic relations of the city with the environment, including tourist traffic. Cities, as a destination or transit tourist destination, are characterized by high concentrations of tourist traffic; hence the negative phenomena often affect urban tourist space with great intensity. The aim of this study is to identify threats affecting the possibility of shaping sustainable tourism in urban destinations. In the following parts, theseissues will be presented: urban tourism, sustainable tourism, classification and characterization of threats related to the sustainable development of urban tourism, along with empirical illustration of selected phenomena, after presenting the concept of sustainable urban tourism development policy. The study is of a theoretical and conceptual nature, with elements of empirical research results. The following research methods will be used: critical analysis of the literature, methods of logical operations, case studies.KeywordsTourismSustainabilitySustainable tourismUrban tourism

Tourism is viewed as a tool for poverty alleviation, economic diversification and regeneration, multilateral integration and peace, post-conflict stability, and socio-economic recovery in many post-conflict nations. Urban tourism is one of the forms that has emphasized the importance of supporting urban sustainability while considering all of the city's dynamic change processes, such as natural resource protection, culture, architecture, and environmental management. The purpose of this study is to assess the issues and challenges that confront urban tourism development and to make recommendations for developing sustainable urban tourism in Jaffna City. This study incorporated both primary and secondary data. Direct field observation, structured questionnaire surveys, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews were used to collect the necessary primary data. Secondary data was gathered from authorized statistical reports. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistical methods, and a SWOT analysis was performed to determine Jaffna's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to sustainable urban tourism development. The maps for the study were created using the ArcGIS 10.4 software. According to the study's findings, ineffective green environmental protection systems, inadequate infrastructure facilities, a lack of industrial professionalism, cultural barriers to tourism promotion, ineffective marketing promotional strategies, a lack of institutional coordination, and a lack of tourist product diversification are the factors posing challenges to Jaffna city's sustainable urban tourism development. Based on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of Jaffna's urban tourism development, this study provided recommendations for sustainable tourism development that will assist different stakeholders in rethinking Jaffna's urban tourism in a sustainable manner.