Scientific justification of agro-technical techniques of increasing the yield and quality of bulb onion in the territory of the Astrakhan region

Abstract

The results of many years of research on the development of elements of onion cultivation technology with drip irrigation, providing optimal control of water and food regimes for obtaining high yields are presented. A comprehensive assessment of the main crop-forming factors and elements of the technology of onion cultivation with drip irrigation in the Astrakhan region is given. The best time for sowing, regardless of the variety is the II decade of April. The total yield of onions varied on average over three years, depending on the variety, from 90 to 180 t / ha. Of the forms of fertilizers and methods of their application, the most effective fertilizer we considered was 3 (option 3: autumn application of ammophos (400 kg / ha) + 30 kg / ha of sulfoammophos in the seedbed + N200P200K300 during the growing season) and fertilizer 4 (in autumn for plowing 400 kg of ammophos + 30 kg / ha of sulfoammophos in presowing application + 300 kg / ha of ammonium nitrate during the growing season). Irrigation in the Astrakhan region is the main condition for obtaining turnip onions. Proper irrigation contributes to higher yields. In our study of varieties only for the Pandero F1 hybrid, the best was higher and differentiated irrigation: the yield was 187 and 164 t / ha, respectively, according to irrigation regimes. For other varieties, the best irrigation regime was increased, i.e. during the growing season until the leaves lodging 80 ... 85% HB.