Основные элементы агротехники выращивания и урожайность кунжута (Sesamum indicum L.) на светло-каштановой почве Калмыкии

Abstract

Sesame in the Russian Federation is a relatively new crop; it began to be grown in the conditions of the Krasnodar, Stavropol Territories, Astrakhan Region only in the 2000s on small areas [1, 2, 5]. In the Republic of Kalmykia, for the first time, they began to study the agroecological aspects of growing sesame in 2020 under the conditions of the UNPC "Agronomus" of KalmGU on a zonal light chestnut soil subtype. The purpose of the field study was to study the agro-ecological characteristics of sesame growth in the central zone of Kalmykia and to develop the main elements of agricultural technology (sowing method, seeding rate, fertilizer doses, irrigation regime). It was found that in the field experiment 2020-2021. with drip irrigation, it is possible to grow it successfully, and the largest yield of sesame seeds was obtained with wide-row sowing - 0.45m. with a sowing rate of 450 thousand/ha of plants and the application of fertilizers at a dose of N90P90, averaging 1.33 t/ha. At present, the Russian market of oilseeds is generally developing a favorable economic situation. Firstly, a stable price for raw materials is kept on the market, which compensates for the considerable costs of growing crops. Secondly, there is the possibility of sustainable sales of products, since there is a constant demand for oilseeds. However, there are also problems in the industry related to the process of monopolization of oilseeds processing. The average yield of oilseeds in Russia does not exceed 1.5 t/ha. To increase the gross harvest of valuable types of oil, it is necessary not only to increase the yield, but to expand the species composition, including through new, non-traditional crops.