Abstract
We study the Schwinger effect in near-extremal nonrotating black holes in an arbitrary $D(\geq 4)$-dimensional asymptotically flat and (A)dS space. Using the near-horizon geometry $\mathrm{AdS}_2 \times \mathrm{S}^{D-2}$ of near-extremal black holes with Myers-Perry metric, we find a universal expression of the emission formula for charges that is a multiplication of the Schwinger effects in an $\mathrm{AdS}_2$ space and in a two-dimensional Rindler space. The effective temperature of an accelerated charge for the Schwinger effect is determined by the radii of the effective $\mathrm{AdS}_2$ space and $\mathrm{S}^{D-2}$ as well as the mass, charge, angular momentum of the charge and the radius of the (A)dS space. The Schwinger effect in the asymptotically flat space is more efficient and persistent for a wide range of large black holes for dimensions higher than four. The AdS (dS) boundary enhances (suppresses) the Schwinger effect than the asymptotically flat space. The Schwinger effect persists for a wide range of black holes in the AdS space and has an upper bound in the dS space.
Highlights
The charged black hole provides an interesting model to explore quantum nature of black holes because of Hawking radiation [1] and the Schwinger pair production of charges from the electric field of the black hole
One interesting aspect is that the Hawking radiation and the Schwinger effect are intertwined for near-extremal black holes, which may shed a light on understanding radiation from charged black holes beyond the Hawking radiation. (For review and references, see Ref. [8].)
The near-horizon geometry of AdS2 and warped AdS3 for near-extremal RN and KN black holes, respectively, in four-dimensional asymptotically flat spacetime allows one to find the analytical formulae for the emission of electric and/or magnetic charges [3,4,5,6]
Summary
The charged black hole provides an interesting model to explore quantum nature of black holes because of Hawking radiation [1] and the Schwinger pair production of charges from the electric field of the black hole. In this paper we study the Schwinger effect in (near-) extremal nonrotating charged black holes in an arbitrary Dð≥4Þ-dimensional, asymptotically flat, AdS or dS spacetime. It is shown that the Schwinger pair production from nearextremal charged black holes, regardless of the asymptotically flat or (A)dS spacetime, has a universal formula which is factorized into the Schwinger formula governed by an effective temperature for accelerated charge by an electric field in AdS2 and another Schwinger formula for accelerated charge in the two-dimensional Rindler space with the Hawking temperature. The solutions for the near-extremal black hole are given by the hypergeometric function as
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