School-Based Management, School Structure, Pay–Pay-for-Performance: A Causal Model on Effective Development in Public Schools in Region XI

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the best-fit model for effective performance management and development in public schools. Using descriptive-correlational and Structural Equation Modeling, the writer selected 400 Secondary Teacher I to Teacher III respondents from the eleven divisions of Davao Region, Philippines, through stratified sampling. This study adapted four downloaded questionnaires from internet sources. The questionnaires were modified and included only the items relevant to the study. The draft was submitted to the writer's adviser for comments and suggestions. Results revealed very high levels of school-based management, and school structure, while pay-for-performance showed high results. On the other hand, the endogenous performance management and development of teachers obtained a very high level of descriptive equivalent. Significant correlations existed between the three exogenous variables: school-based management, school structure, and pay-for-performance, and the endogenous variable, effective performance management and development. Findings also revealed that Model 3 portrayed the best-fit model exhibiting direct causal relationships of school-based management, school structure, and pay-for-performance on performance management and development. Further structure modifications showed that Performance Management and Development were defined by its retained indicators: Performance Review Meeting, Motivation, and Career Development. Moreover, School-based Management was described by its domains: Leadership and Governance, Curriculum and Instruction, and Resources Management. Also, School Structure was ascertained by its retained indicators: Physical Structure of the Building, and Organizational Structure of the Building. Finally, Pay-for-Performance was determined by its domains: Performance Pay, and Development and Evaluation. The findings of this study may shed light and ameliorate cognizance concerning how institutions may boost organizational efficiency.