Abstract
Schistosomiasis japonica, caused by Schistosoma japonicum, is an endemic, zoonotic parasitic disease. Domestic animals, particularly bovines, are thought to play an important role in transmission of the disease. Historically, China was the country mostly severely impacted by schistosomiasis japonica, but now prevalence and morbidity have been greatly reduced. Since the mid-1950s when China launched the National Schistosomiasis Control Program, the control of schistosomiasis in domestic animals has been carried out almost synchronously with that of human schistosomiasis, and this concept has been proven to be effective. Generally, the campaign of schistosomiasis japonica control in domestic animals in China went through four phases over the past six decades, namely, the large-scale epidemiological investigation phase, the case screening and small-scale chemotherapy phase, the mass chemotherapy phase, and the infection source control phase. These distinct phases were responsive to changing disease epidemiology, socioeconomic development, and technological advances, resulting in successful attainment of disease control goals.
Highlights
Schistosomiasis japonica, an endemic, zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum), is found in China, the Philippines, Indonesia and Japan, with China historically being the most heavily endemic of the four countries (Collins et al, 2012; Chen, 2014)
Large-Scale Epidemiological Investigation Phase (Mid- to Late 1950s). This was the initial phase of schistosomiasis japonica control in domestic animals in China, when the main tasks were (1) to understand the endemic status in livestock through epidemiological surveys and (2) to preserve the health of bovines through timely examination and treatment so that these animals could be used in agriculture
Case screening and chemotherapy on small scale were emphasized during this phase in China, and simple schistosomiasis japonica control in domestic animals was extended from bovines to all susceptible livestock
Summary
Schistosomiasis japonica, an endemic, zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum), is found in China, the Philippines, Indonesia and Japan, with China historically being the most heavily endemic of the four countries (Collins et al, 2012; Chen, 2014). Schistosomiasis Control in China has promoted synchronous control strategies that were adaptive to the socioeconomic and technological advances as well as epidemiological characteristics for S. japonicum infection in both humans and domestic animals. These distinctive efforts have yielded great progress: the overall prevalence of schistosomiasis japonica is less than 1% in humans and livestock populations, and all endemic provinces have reached the criteria of transmission control (Cao et al, 2011, 2016; Zhang L.J. et al, 2016)
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