Scheduling Online EV Charging Demand Response via V2V Auctions and Local Generation

Abstract

Due to the enormous energy consumption and the wide geographic distribution, Electrical Vehicle (EV) charging stations are believed to have great potential in Emergency Demand Response (EDR) participation. However, EDR limits the electricity drawn from the power grid by the charging station, and can pose threats to satisfying EVs’ charging demand. In this paper, in order to complement the charging station’s energy supply to meet the dynamic EV charging demand, we formulate an online EV charging scheduling problem under EDR as a non-linear mixed-integer program, and propose a novel polynomial-time online algorithm and auction mechanism to jointly incentivize EVs with energy to sell their energy and utilize the charging station’s local generator to produce energy. Our approach conducts an auction in each single round based on a primal-dual method and ties these auctions over time to optimize the system’s long-term social cost, while accommodating the local generator’ on/off-state control, each EV bidder’s cumulative energy budget constraint, and the power grid’s EDR energy cap. Our approach achieves the economic properties of truthfulness, individual rationality, and computational efficiency simultaneously for each auction, and a parameterized-constant competitive ratio for the long-term social cost. By rigorous theoretical analysis and trace-driven experimental studies, the results exhibit that our approach outperforms multiple alternative algorithms regarding the social cost, attains the economic properties, and also executes efficiently in practice.