Scenario analysis, management, and optimization of a new Vehicle-to-Micro-Grid (V2μG) network based on off-grid renewable building energy systems

Abstract

To fully exploit the potential of decarburization in the transport sector (e.g., electric vehicles (EV)) and energy sector (e.g., building energy system), this paper proposes a new concept of ‘Vehicle-to-Micro-Grid (V2μG) network’ that incorporates the off-grid building energy system with flexible power storage/supply provided by battery EVs (BEVs) and fuel cell EVs (FCEVs). The work is conducted with three main contributions: 1) a rule-based energy management strategy is proposed to study the impact of the V2μG interactions on the EV battery degradation; 2) a scenario analysis based on four working modes is conducted to evaluate the energy efficiency, costing, environmental impacts, and component ageing of the proposed V2μG network; 3) the optimum settings for system configuration, capacity, and operation strategy of the V2μG network are obtained by the NSGA-II algorithm. The study suggested that the degradation of lithium-ion batteries in BEV can be reduced by 13% compared to the network without FCEVs. In a community with 160 households and 200 EVs, the optimal V2μG network can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 515.56 tons annually compared to the conventional off-grid building energy system powered by internal combustion engines.