Abstract
CD163 is a member of scavenger receptor super family class B of the first subgroup. It is mapped to the region p13 on chromosome 12. Five different isoforms of CD163 have been described, which differ in the structure of their cytoplasmic domains and putative phosporylation sites. This scavenger receptor is selectively expressed on cells of monocytes and macrophages lineage exclusively. CD163 immunological function is essentially homeostatic. It also has other functions because participates in adhesion to endothelial cells, in tolerance induction and tissues regeneration. Other very important function of CD163 is the clearance of hemoglobin in its cell-free form and participation in anti-inflammation in its soluble form, exhibiting cytokine-like functions. We review the biological functions of CD163 which have been discovered until now. It seems apparent from this review that CD163 scavenger receptor can be used as biomarker in different diseases and as a valuable diagnostic parameter for prognosis of many diseases especially inflammatory disorders and sepsis.
Highlights
In the last years it has been studied a lot about members of scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) – SF, among them CD163, but the exact function of many molecules of this family still remains unclear.The aim of this review is to summarize the biological functions of CD163 which have been discovered until now
As a conclusion it could be summarized that CD163 is a member of scavenger receptor class B with a majority of functions that still remain unclear, it has several applications in clinical medicine where its soluble form has a biological significance as an interesting candidate marker of inflammation, sepsis and imunohematological diseases
It is considered as a prognostic marker, which can be used for monitoring these diseases
Summary
Five different isoforms of CD163 have been described, which differ in the structure of their cytoplasmic domains and putative phosporylation sites. This scavenger receptor is selectively expressed on cells of monocytes and macrophages lineage exclusively. It has other functions because participates in adhesion to endothelial cells, in tolerance induction and tissues regeneration. We review the biological functions of CD163 which have been discovered until now. It seems apparent from this review that CD163 scavenger receptor can be used as biomarker in different diseases and as a valuable diagnostic parameter for prognosis of many diseases especially inflammatory disorders and sepsis
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