Abstract
AbstractThis chapter introduces the concept of the field (optical) theory of scattering. In the optical theory, neutrons with the wave-particle duality are described as the matter wave (scalar wave) which satisfies the Schrödinger equation and thereby is designated as the Schrödinger wave. The scattering of neutrons is described based on the interaction of the Schrödinger wave with the potential field relevant to the nuclear force in nuclei of atoms comprising the matters. The fundamental equations on the scattering from the scalar wave have the same formalism as those from the vector wave (the electromagnetic wave for X-ray and light) with the potential field relevant to the orbital electrons in atoms comprising the matters. In this sense, the three kinds of scattering (X-ray, light and neutron scattering) can be universally described based on the Schröding wave interacting with relevant potential fields. The chapter is composed of the following six sections; Field Theory (Optical Theory) of Scattering, Schrödinger’s Wave Equation, Wave Equation in Free Space: Plane Wave and Spherical Wave, Wave Equation in Potential Field: Born Hypothesis in Scattering of Schrödinger Wave, Criteria for the Born Hypothesis, Differential Scattering Cross-Section of Schrödinger’s Wave.KeywordsSchrödinger waveScalar waveVector waveWave equationFraunhofer limitStructure smplitudeDifferential scattering cross-sectionStructure factor
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