Abstract
Scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) is a robust and versatile scanning electrochemical probe microscopy technique that allows direct correlation of structure–activity at the nanoscale. SECCM uses a mobile droplet cell to investigate and visualize electrochemical activity at interfaces with high spatiotemporal resolution, while also providing topographical information. This article highlights diverse contemporary challenges in the field of single entity electrochemistry tackled by the increasing uptake of SECCM globally. Various applications of SECCM in single entity electrochemistry are featured herein, including electrocatalysis, electrodeposition, corrosion science and materials science, with electrode materials spanning particles, polymers, two-dimensional materials and complex polycrystalline substrates. The use of SECCM for patterning structures is also highlighted.
Highlights
Single entity electrochemistry (SEE) is an exciting and rapidly evolving field focused on characterizing the electrochemical properties of “things” [1]
We have highlighted the applicability of the scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) platform for SEE at different levels of structure-composition complexity, ranging from single particles of simple composition to characteristic features within rather complex electrodes for practical use
For SEE studies, recent advances have seen the incorporation of various electrochemical methods into the SECCM platform, alongside correlative co-located measurements with complementary microscopy techniques
Summary
Single entity electrochemistry (SEE) is an exciting and rapidly evolving field focused on characterizing the electrochemical properties of “things” [1]. In the hopping scanning regime, which can be deployed with various electrochemical methods, the meniscus is completely detached from the surface after each measurement re-positioned to an adjacent area without overlapping previously contacted area. This makes it highly robust and versatile, as the contacted area (droplet footprint) is well defined and can often be visualized and measured after experiments, e.g. by scanning electron microscopy, to allow precise knowledge of the size of the electrochemical cell formed between the nanopipet meniscus and the surface. This article provides a survey of the most recent SEE studies explored with SECCM, and further provides a brief view of transdisciplinary opportunities awaiting exploitation
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