Scaling up cycling or replacing driving? Triggers and trajectories of bike\u2013train uptake in the Randstad area

Samuel Nello-Deakin,Marco Te Brömmelstroet

doi:10.1007/s11116-021-10165-9

Abstract

The combined use of the bicycle and the train in the Netherlands has risen steadily over the past decade. However, little is yet known about the underlying processes driving the growth of bike–train use in the Netherlands. Are new bike–train trips replacing car trips, or are they primarily an extension of existing train travel and cycling practices? The present study investigates this question by exploring the main trajectories of bike–train uptake in the Randstad area. Following a mobility biographies approach, our study seeks to identify the triggers or “key events” which lead to the uptake of bike–train use, and explores their relationship with existing travel behaviour. To this end, we carried out an online survey aimed at people who started commuting regularly by bike–train. Our results show that trajectories of uptake are varied, with a similar proportion of respondents starting to commute by bike–train in order to replace cycling, driving and public transport. While in some cases people shifted to bike–train on their existing commuting trip, most respondents started travelling by bike–train following a change in work or residential location. Overall, our findings suggest that most people do not start commuting by bike–train out of particular preference, but merely because they consider it provides the best available option. Nevertheless, the large proportion of respondents with access to a car suggests that the bike–train system is able to provide an attractive alternative to car-based interurban mobility.

Highlights

Cycling is typically considered to be an attractive transport option for distances up to 5 km for utilitarian trips, making it primarily suitable for intra-city trips (Chillón et al 2016; Kager et al 2016; McNeil 2011)
Sociodemographic and bike–train trip characteristics In Table 2, we provide a summary of sociodemographic characteristics of survey respondents, compared to the Dutch population as a whole, as well as to all types of train travellers in the four Randstad provinces
In the case of changes in work location, our results suggest that bike–train uptake is associated with an improvement in public transport accessibility: 55% of those moving jobs thought public transport provision was better in their current work location, compared to only 15% who thought it was better in their previous work location

Summary

Introduction

Cycling is typically considered to be an attractive transport option for distances up to 5 km for utilitarian trips, making it primarily suitable for intra-city trips (Chillón et al 2016; Kager et al 2016; McNeil 2011). For this reason, urban cycling environments tend to be conceptualized and studied at a neighbourhood- or city-wide scale The bike–train system potentially offers both a means of “scaling up” cycling-based mobility beyond the local scale, and “optimising” regional train travel This combination of speed and flexibility makes the bike–train combination a promising alternative to potentially replace many car trips (Kager et al 2016; Jonkeren et al 2018)

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