Abstract
High-current negative hydrogen beams (∼1 A) have recently been produced by direct extraction from magnetron (or planotron) ion sources. These sources are limited, however, to short pulse durations by the high power densities at which they operate. In this paper, consideration is given to the scaling laws for these sources, in order to examine the possibility of operation at lower power densities for longer periods. The laws derived are based on (a) the calculation of the effect of the magnetic field on the motion of ions in the source and of electrons in the extraction gap, (b) calculation of the rate of negative-ion production by positive ion flux to the cathode and attenuation of negative ions traversing the source by ions and electrons in the source plasma.
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