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Abstract
Electrospinning refers to the process of generating nanofibers from electrified viscous polymeric jets. Though relatively easy to perform, this process is quite complex in its nature, given the large number of parameters that are involved. This study attempts to derive a relation between the final fiber diameter and the major process parameters. Two new dimensionless numbers describing viscous and surface charge repulsion effects are identified from the scaling analysis of governing equation for the motion of a bent jet. Experimental data for a wide range of polymer solutions exhibit a common slope, when expressed in terms of these new dimensionless numbers. This correlation is used to derive a new scaling expression for the final fiber diameter.
Highlights
Electrospinning is a simple and versatile method for producing polymeric nanofibers
On increasing the voltage further, an electrified thin fluid jet is ejected from the tip of the Taylor cone
From experimental investigations reported in literature, solution viscosity, flow rate and applied voltage can be considered as the three most important parameters affecting the final fiber diameter and morphology
Summary
Electrospinning is a simple and versatile method for producing polymeric nanofibers. When high voltage, of the order of kilovolts, is applied between a capillary (or a syringe needle tip) containing polymer solution and a grounded collector, the hemispherical drop at the tip of the needle undergoes transformation into a conical shape, known as the ‘Taylor cone’. From experimental investigations reported in literature, solution viscosity, flow rate and applied voltage can be considered as the three most important parameters affecting the final fiber diameter and morphology. Helgeson and Wagner (2007) derived an empirical correlation for fiber diameter using two new dimensionless numbers obtained by combining existing nondimensional numbers that were previously defined by Feng (2002) in his analysis of steady state electrospinning jet.
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