Abstract
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) utilizing plant extracts has been widely optimized these days because of its eco-friendly, simple, and cost-effective manner. This present study was performed to evaluate the scale-up trial on synthesis parameter and centrifugation duration of Plantago major L. leaf ethanolic extract in the green synthesis of Ag NPs. Leaf extract concentration of 0.25%, 70 °C of temperature, 60 min of synthesis time, and 30 min of centrifugation time were concluded as the optimized scale-up condition of green synthesis. The scale-up trial resulted in spherical silver nanoparticles with an average size 12.2±5.11 nm, proven from various spectroscopic (UV–Vis, EDS, FTIR), microscopic observations (SEM, FE-TEM), and other observations (SAED, DLS, XRD). The synthesized Ag NPs also exhibit promising antibacterial activity against several tested bacteria at 20 μg mL−1 of dosage. This study offers nine times higher yield of the synthesized Ag NPs (107.2±6.82 mg) at about the same making time of smaller scale of green synthesis. Sufficient nanoparticles will provide flexibility to carry out its characterization in an efficient manner and further bioactivity test and/or formulation experiments, such as in cosmetics, medical ointments, and other pharmaceutical products.
Highlights
IntroductionThe benefits of Plantago major L. (hereinafter called P. major) as folk medicines have been acknowledged globally for years
The benefits of Plantago major L. as folk medicines have been acknowledged globally for years
The fine leaf powder was extracted through 50% ethanol (10% w/v), by using UltrasonicAssisted Extraction (UAE) with a frequency of 37 kHz for 20 min, the extract was filtered by Whatman filter and stored at the refrigerator (4 ◦C) for the further synthesis process (Wen et al, 2018)
Summary
The benefits of Plantago major L. (hereinafter called P. major) as folk medicines have been acknowledged globally for years. (hereinafter called P. major) as folk medicines have been acknowledged globally for years This plant has several bioactive compounds including alkaloids, fatty acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic acid derivatives, vitamins, etc., which contribute to its specific therapeutic effects (Adom et al, 2017; Yernazarova et al, 2019; Zubair et al, 2019). Poly phenol content is thought to be a responsible component in the wound healing process (Zubair et al, 2019), whereas plantamajoside, a caffeic acid derivative, is known to have biological activities as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antibacterial agents (Gonçalves and Romano, 2016; Zubair et al, 2016)
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