Abstract
Crystallization fouling presents a significant challenge in a wide range of industries. Accurate understanding of crystal formation is crucial for planning preventative measures and maximizing the effectiveness of maintenance interventions. In this study, we demonstrate that understanding net deposition rates depends on the knowledge of the detachment mechanisms and deposition distribution characteristics. We quantify deposition in a once-through flow set-up and visualize crystal formation through high-resolution X-ray micro-computed tomography scanning. Additionally, we quantify the height distribution of deposited crystals through computed surface texture parameters. Finally, we use computational fluid dynamics, implementing large-eddy simulations turbulence modelling and Eulerian transport of chemical species, to describe bulk and wall reactions and quantify energy and mass transport in turbulent eddies. Results show that attachment and detachment processes depend on fluid hydrodynamics; the influx of material determines the overall deposition to the surface, while the deposition pattern is governed by the surface morphology of the initial surface morphology. Our findings provide a foundation for understanding fouling mechanisms and present a template for developing more accurate prediction models.
Highlights
Crystallization fouling, i.e., scaling, occurs due to the precipitation and subsequent adhesion of crystals on surfaces
Results show that attachment and detachment processes depend on fluid hydrodynamics; the influx of material determines the overall deposition to the surface, while the deposition pattern is governed by the surface morphology of the initial surface morphology
The transport of the material towards the wall is limited by diffusion, whereas within the turbulent core, small scale convection due to turbulence drastically increases the transport towards the wall [47]
Summary
Crystallization fouling, i.e., scaling, occurs due to the precipitation and subsequent adhesion of crystals on surfaces. The presence of scaling has a wide range of deleterious effects in several industries. Effective scale prevention and removal strategies depend on an accurate understanding of the processes preceding surface adhesion [10, 11]. Scale formation is a multi-step complex process involving nucleation, adhesion, and growth [12,13]. Chemical inhibitors that either slow nucleation kinetics or prevent crystal growth are widely used [14]. These can be detrimental to aquatic life [15]. The ability to predict the magnitude and location of crystal formation is vital for the planning and managing of both chemical inhibition and removal interventions [17].
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary 
Published Version (
Free)
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call