Abstract
The predominant saturated fatty acids (SFA) in human diets are lauric acid (LA, C12:0), myristic acid (MA, C14:0), palmitic acid (PA, C16:0) and stearic acid (SA, C18:0). The aim of this study was to investigate whether diets containing individual SFA together with excess simple carbohydrates induce osteoarthritis (OA)-like changes in knee joints and signs of metabolic syndrome in rats. Rats were given either a corn starch diet or a diet composed of simple carbohydrates together with 20% LA, MA, PA, SA or beef tallow for 16 weeks. Rats fed beef tallow, SA, MA or PA diets developed signs of metabolic syndrome, and also exhibited cartilage degradation and subchondral bone changes similar to OA. In contrast, replacement of beef tallow with LA decreased signs of metabolic syndrome together with decreased cartilage degradation. Furthermore, PA and SA but not LA increased release of matrix sulphated proteoglycans in cultures of bovine cartilage explants or human chondrocytes. In conclusion, we have shown that longer-chain dietary SFA in rats induce both metabolic syndrome and OA-like knee changes. Thus, diets containing SFA are strongly relevant to the development or prevention of both OA and metabolic syndrome.
Highlights
– high-carbohydrate, high-palmitic acid-fed rats; HSA – high-carbohydrate, high-stearic acid-fed rats; RER – respiratory exchange ratio; NEFA – non-esterified fatty acids
Rats given a high-carbohydrate diet together with beef tallow containing both saturated and trans fats (H diet) developed changes associated with human metabolic syndrome including abdominal obesity, hyperleptinaemia, hyperlipidaemia and liver dysfunction compared to a corn starch diet (C diet) (Table 1), H rats did not show hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia compared to C rats
In obesity-related OA, saturated fatty acids (SFA) are relevant as they are the major dietary fatty acids
Summary
– high-carbohydrate, high-palmitic acid-fed rats; HSA – high-carbohydrate, high-stearic acid-fed rats; RER – respiratory exchange ratio; NEFA – non-esterified fatty acids. Tolerance and insulin sensitivity, fatty liver and cardiovascular remodelling[14]. The present study has investigated the role of C12 to C18 SFA (lauric acid (LA; C12:0), myristic acid (MA; C14:0), palmitic acid (PA; C16:0) and stearic acid (SA; C18:0) as well as beef tallow (mainly SA and trans fatty acids) on both the signs of metabolic syndrome and OA development
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