Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increased worldwide. Tobacco smoking increases the risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Waterpipe tobacco smoking has become a global trend of tobacco consumption and is as common as cigarette smoking. In this study, the effect of waterpipe tobacco smoke (WTS) on the development of metabolic syndrome in rats was evaluated. Adult Wistar rats were exposed for 19 weeks to either fresh air (control) or WTS for 1 hour daily/ 5 days per week (WTS). Central obesity, systolic blood pressure, lipid profile, glucose hemostasis and levels of leptin and adiponectin were evaluated. The WTS exposure increased body weight, abdominal circumference, systolic blood pressure and fasting glucose compared to control animals (P<0.05), consistent with inducing metabolic syndrome. The retroperitoneal fat, lipid profile and levels of insulin, leptin and adiponectin were not affected by WTS exposure (P>0.05). In conclusion, exposure to WTS has detrimental health effects leading to the development of metabolic syndrome in experimental animals.
Highlights
Metabolic syndrome is a group of health problems that are caused by genetic and environmental factors [1]
The current study showed that waterpipe tobacco smoke (WTS) exposure increased body weight, Fig 1
The results of the current study showed that chronic WTS exposure increased body weight and abdominal circumference in animals, conistent with human observation [23]
Summary
Metabolic syndrome is a group of health problems that are caused by genetic and environmental factors [1]. A pooled analysis revealed that about 4.8–7% of young adults have metabolic syndrome [2]. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was about 25% in Middle-East countries based on a recent meta-analysis [3]. The observed variation in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome could be due to the studied population, the used definition of metabolic syndrome and the presence of environmental risk factors such as physical activity and smoking [4]. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome varies according to the used definition. There are several criteria that are used to diagnose metabolic syndrome, but in general, the presence of 3 out of the following 5 criteria qualifies the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome; hyperglycemia, elevated triglycerides level, reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, hypertension and central
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