Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), pandemic has caused huge panic, havoc and global threats worldwide. The origin of this virus has been linked to animals, intermediate host is still to be identified, and studies are being carried out that how it got transmitted to humans and acquired rapid human-to-human transmission. Within a short time period of only 05 months, SARS-CoV-2 has spread to 213 countries, and till 28th May, 2020, nearly 5.8 million confirmed cases have been reported while taking lives of 0.36 million persons. Seeing the current situation of rapid increase in COVID-19 cases daily in many countries, this seems to be the deadliest pandemic after the 1918 Spanish Flu. There is currently no specific effective treatment for COVID-19 and also in absence of vaccine the radical cure of the disease is far away. Researchers are pacing high to design and develop effective vaccines, drugs and therapeutics to counter COVID-19, however such efforts, clinical trials, necessary approvals and then to reach the level of bulk production of many millions of doses may still take much time. Prevention and control of COVID-19 outbreaks requires an evidence-based, multi-factorial and effective mitigation strategy to be adopted. The current review discusses on the research advancements, challenges and opportunities in COVID 19 management with a focus on its transmission, prevention, treatment and control.
Highlights
A novel coronavirus named as SevereAcute Respiratory Syndrome Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in Wuhan, China in December month of the last year (2019)
The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) recognized the virus as SARSCoV-2 and the disease was named as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by WHO2
A meeting was held on this issue on 30th January 2020 under the International Health Regulations (IHR, 2005) and WHO declared the outbreak as Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) because it had spread to 18 countries with four countries reporting human-tohuman transmission
Summary
SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 and its Transmission, Prevention, Treatment and Control - An Update. Pooja Sharma[1 ], Sonam Tripathi[1 ], Shailesh Kumar Patel[2 ], Kuldeep Dhama[2 ] and Ram Chandra1*
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