Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) belongs to the family of beta coronavirus. The virus led to the outbreak of COVID-19 in early 2020. Characterized by its Spike (S) proteins, SARS-CoV-2 can recognize the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Viral membrane fusion is initiated by the interaction between the S protein and the human ACE2 receptor. Due to its crucial role in receptor recognition, the S protein attracted great interest in being a drug target. The structure and functions of different domains of the S protein are presented in this article. Current progress in therapeutic compounds which targets the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD), Heptapeptide repeat sequence (HR) and the Fusion Loop (FL) domain are highlighted. Acquiring information on the S protein from a structural perspective and understanding treatment opportunities against SARS-CoV-2 will assist in combatting the disease.
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